package DBIx::Custom;

use strict;

use warnings;

use base 'Object::Simple';

use Carp 'croak';

use DBI;

use DBIx::Custom::Result;

use DBIx::Custom::SQL::Template;

use DBIx::Custom::Transaction;

use DBIx::Custom::Query;

__PACKAGE__->attr('dbh');

__PACKAGE__->class_attr(_query_caches     => sub { {} });

__PACKAGE__->class_attr(_query_cache_keys => sub { [] });

__PACKAGE__->class_attr('query_cache_max', default => 50,

                                           inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/user password data_source/], inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/database host port/],        inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/bind_filter fetch_filter/],  inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/no_bind_filters no_fetch_filters/],

                       default => sub { [] }, inherit => 'array_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/options filters formats/],

                       default => sub { {} }, inherit => 'hash_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr('result_class', default => 'DBIx::Custom::Result',

                                       inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr('sql_tmpl', default => sub {DBIx::Custom::SQL::Template->new},

                                   inherit   => sub {$_[0] ? $_[0]->clone : undef});

sub add_filter {

    my $invocant = shift;

    # Add filter

    my $filters = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};

    $invocant->filters({%{$invocant->filters}, %$filters});

    return $invocant;

}

sub add_format{

    my $invocant = shift;

    # Add format

    my $formats = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};

    $invocant->formats({%{$invocant->formats}, %$formats});

    return $invocant;

}

sub _auto_commit {

    my $self = shift;

    # Not connected

    croak("Not yet connect to database") unless $self->dbh;

    if (@_) {

        # Set AutoCommit

        $self->dbh->{AutoCommit} = $_[0];

        return $self;

    }

    return $self->dbh->{AutoCommit};

}

sub connect {

    my $self = shift;

    # Information

    my $data_source = $self->data_source;

    my $user        = $self->user;

    my $password    = $self->password;

    my $options     = $self->options;

    # Connect

    my $dbh = eval{DBI->connect(

        $data_source,

        $user,

        $password,

        {

            RaiseError => 1,

            PrintError => 0,

            AutoCommit => 1,

            %{$options || {} }

        }

    )};

    # Connect error

    croak $@ if $@;

    # Database handle

    $self->dbh($dbh);

    return $self;

}

sub DESTROY {

    my $self = shift;

    # Disconnect

    $self->disconnect if $self->connected;

}

sub connected { ref shift->{dbh} eq 'DBI::db' }

sub disconnect {

    my $self = shift;

    if ($self->connected) {

        # Disconnect

        $self->dbh->disconnect;

        delete $self->{dbh};

    }

    return $self;

}

sub reconnect {

    my $self = shift;

    # Reconnect

    $self->disconnect if $self->connected;

    $self->connect;

    return $self;

}

sub prepare {

    my ($self, $sql) = @_;

    # Connect if not

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Prepare

    my $sth = eval{$self->dbh->prepare($sql)};

    # Error

    croak("$@<Your SQL>\n$sql") if $@;

    return $sth;

}

sub do{

    my ($self, $sql, @bind_values) = @_;

    # Connect if not

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Do

    my $affected = eval{$self->dbh->do($sql, @bind_values)};

    # Error

    if ($@) {

        my $error = $@;

        require Data::Dumper;

        my $bind_value_dump

          = Data::Dumper->Dump([\@bind_values], ['*bind_valuds']);

        croak("$error<Your SQL>\n$sql\n<Your bind values>\n$bind_value_dump\n");

    }

    return $affected;

}

sub create_query {

    my ($self, $template) = @_;

    my $class = ref $self;

    my $table = '';

    if (ref $template eq 'ARRAY') {

        $table    = $template->[0];

        $template = $template->[1];

    }

    # Create query from SQL template

    my $sql_tmpl = $self->sql_tmpl;

    # Try to get cached query

    my $cached_query = $class->_query_caches->{"$table$template"};

    # Create query

    my $query;

    if ($cached_query) {

        $query = DBIx::Custom::Query->new(

            sql       => $cached_query->sql,

            key_infos => $cached_query->key_infos

        );

    }

    else {

        $query = eval{$sql_tmpl->create_query([$table , $template])};

        croak($@) if $@;

        $class->_add_query_cache($template, $query);

    }

    # Connect if not

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Prepare statement handle

    my $sth = $self->prepare($query->{sql});

    # Set statement handle

    $query->sth($sth);

    # Set bind filter

    $query->bind_filter($self->bind_filter);

    # Set no filter keys when binding

    $query->no_bind_filters($self->no_bind_filters);

    # Set fetch filter

    $query->fetch_filter($self->fetch_filter);

    # Set no filter keys when fetching

    $query->no_fetch_filters($self->no_fetch_filters);

    return $query;

}

sub query{

    my ($self, $query, $params)  = @_;

    $params ||= {};

    # First argument is SQL template

    if (!ref $query) {

        my $template = $query;

        $query = $self->create_query($template);

        my $query_edit_cb = $_[3];

        $query_edit_cb->($query) if ref $query_edit_cb eq 'CODE';

    }

    # Create bind value

    my $bind_values = $self->_build_bind_values($query, $params);

    # Execute

    my $sth      = $query->sth;

    my $affected = eval{$sth->execute(@$bind_values)};

    # Execute error

    if (my $execute_error = $@) {

        require Data::Dumper;

        my $sql              = $query->{sql} || '';

        my $key_infos_dump   = Data::Dumper->Dump([$query->key_infos], ['*key_infos']);

        my $params_dump      = Data::Dumper->Dump([$params], ['*params']);

        croak("$execute_error" . 

              "<Your SQL>\n$sql\n" . 

              "<Your parameters>\n$params_dump");

    }

    # Return resultset if select statement is executed

    if ($sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}) {

        # Get result class

        my $result_class = $self->result_class;

        # Create result

        my $result = $result_class->new({

            _dbi             => $self,

            sth              => $sth,

            fetch_filter     => $query->fetch_filter,

            no_fetch_filters => $query->no_fetch_filters

        });

        return $result;

    }

    return $affected;

}

sub _build_bind_values {

    my ($self, $query, $params) = @_;

    my $key_infos           = $query->key_infos;

    my $bind_filter         = $query->bind_filter;

    my $no_bind_filters     = $query->_no_bind_filters || {};

    # binding values

    my @bind_values;

    # Create bind values

    KEY_INFOS :

    foreach my $key_info (@$key_infos) {

        # Set variable

        my $access_keys  = $key_info->{access_keys};

        my $original_key = $key_info->{original_key} || '';

        my $table        = $key_info->{table}        || '';

        my $column       = $key_info->{column}       || '';

        # Key is found?

        my $found;

        # Build bind values

        ACCESS_KEYS :

        foreach my $access_key (@$access_keys) {

            # Root parameter

            my $root_params = $params;

            # Search corresponding value

            for (my $i = 0; $i < @$access_key; $i++) {

                # Current key

                my $current_key = $access_key->[$i];

                # Last key

                if ($i == @$access_key - 1) {

                    # Key is array reference

                    if (ref $current_key eq 'ARRAY') {

                        push @bind_values, 

                             $self->_filter($root_params->[$current_key->[0]], 

                                            $key_info, $query);

                    }

                    # Key is string

                    else {

                        # Key is not found

                        next ACCESS_KEYS

                          unless exists $root_params->{$current_key};

                        push @bind_values,

                             $self->_filter($root_params->{$current_key},

                                            $key_info, $query);

                    }

                    # Key is found

                    $found = 1;

                    next KEY_INFOS;

                }

                # First or middle key

                else {

                    # Key is array reference

                    if (ref $current_key eq 'ARRAY') {

                        # Go next key

                        $root_params = $root_params->[$current_key->[0]];

                    }

                    # Key is string

                    else {

                        # Not found

                        next ACCESS_KEYS

                          unless exists $root_params->{$current_key};

                        # Go next key

                        $root_params = $root_params->{$current_key};

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        # Key is not found

        unless ($found) {

            require Data::Dumper;

            my $key_info_dump  = Data::Dumper->Dump([$key_info], ['*key_info']);

            my $params_dump    = Data::Dumper->Dump([$params], ['*params']);

            croak("Corresponding key is not found in your parameters\n" . 

                  "<Key information>\n$key_info_dump\n\n" .

                  "<Your parameters>\n$params_dump\n");

        }

    }

    return \@bind_values;

}

sub _filter {

    my ($self, $value, $key_info, $query) = @_;

    my $bind_filter     = $query->bind_filter;

    my $no_bind_filters = $query->_no_bind_filters || {};

    my $original_key = $key_info->{original_key} || '';

    my $table        = $key_info->{table}        || '';

    my $column       = $key_info->{column}       || '';

    # Filtering 

    if ($bind_filter &&

        !$no_bind_filters->{$original_key})

    {

        return $bind_filter->($value, $original_key, $self,

                              {table => $table, column => $column});

    }

    # Not filtering

    return $value;

}

sub transaction { DBIx::Custom::Transaction->new(dbi => shift) }

sub create_table {

    my ($self, $table, @column_definitions) = @_;

    # Create table

    my $sql = "create table $table (";

    # Column definitions

    foreach my $column_definition (@column_definitions) {

        $sql .= "$column_definition,";

    }

    $sql =~ s/,$//;

    # End

    $sql .= ");";

    # Do query

    return $self->do($sql);

}

sub drop_table {

    my ($self, $table) = @_;

    # Drop table

    my $sql = "drop table $table;";

    # Do query

    return $self->do($sql);

}

sub insert {

    my $self             = shift;

    my $table            = shift || '';

    my $insert_params    = shift || {};

    my $append_statement = shift unless ref $_[0];

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift;

    # Insert keys

    my @insert_keys = keys %$insert_params;

    # Not exists insert keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for insert must be specified to 'insert' second argument")

      unless @insert_keys;

    # Templte for insert

    my $template = "insert into $table {insert " . join(' ', @insert_keys) . '}';

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Create query

    my $query = $self->create_query($template);

    # Query edit callback must be code reference

    croak("Query edit callback must be code reference")

      if $query_edit_cb && ref $query_edit_cb ne 'CODE';

    # Query edit if need

    $query_edit_cb->($query) if $query_edit_cb;

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->query($query, $insert_params);

    return $ret_val;

}

sub update {

    my $self             = shift;

    my $table            = shift || '';

    my $update_params    = shift || {};

    my $where_params     = shift || {};

    my $append_statement = shift unless ref $_[0];

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift;

    my $options          = shift;

    # Update keys

    my @update_keys = keys %$update_params;

    # Not exists update kyes

    croak("Key-value pairs for update must be specified to 'update' second argument")

      unless @update_keys;

    # Where keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Not exists where keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for where clause must be specified to 'update' third argument")

      if !@where_keys && !$options->{allow_update_all};

    # Update clause

    my $update_clause = '{update ' . join(' ', @update_keys) . '}';

    # Where clause

    my $where_clause = '';

    if (@where_keys) {

        $where_clause = 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $where_clause .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

        $where_clause =~ s/ and $//;

    }

    # Template for update

    my $template = "update $table $update_clause $where_clause";

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Create query

    my $query = $self->create_query($template);

    # Query edit callback must be code reference

    croak("Query edit callback must be code reference")

      if $query_edit_cb && ref $query_edit_cb ne 'CODE';

    # Query edit if need

    $query_edit_cb->($query) if $query_edit_cb;

    # Rearrange parammeters

    my $params = {%$update_params, %$where_params};

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->query($query, $params);

    return $ret_val;

}

sub update_all {

    my $self             = shift;

    my $table            = shift || '';

    my $update_params    = shift || {};

    my $append_statement = shift unless ref $_[0];

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift;

    my $options          = {allow_update_all => 1};

    # Update all rows

    return $self->update($table, $update_params, {}, $append_statement,

                         $query_edit_cb, $options);

}

sub delete {

    my $self             = shift;

    my $table            = shift || '';

    my $where_params     = shift || {};

    my $append_statement = shift unless ref $_[0];

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift;

    my $options          = shift;

    # Where keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Not exists where keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for where clause must be specified to 'delete' second argument")

      if !@where_keys && !$options->{allow_delete_all};

    # Where clause

    my $where_clause = '';

    if (@where_keys) {

        $where_clause = 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $where_clause .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

        $where_clause =~ s/ and $//;

    }

    # Template for delete

    my $template = "delete from $table $where_clause";

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Create query

    my $query = $self->create_query($template);

    # Query edit callback must be code reference

    croak("Query edit callback must be code reference")

      if $query_edit_cb && ref $query_edit_cb ne 'CODE';

    # Query edit if need

    $query_edit_cb->($query) if $query_edit_cb;

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->query($query, $where_params);

    return $ret_val;

}

sub delete_all {

    my $self             = shift;

    my $table            = shift || '';

    my $append_statement = shift unless ref $_[0];

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift;

    my $options          = {allow_delete_all => 1};

    # Delete all rows

    return $self->delete($table, {}, $append_statement, $query_edit_cb,

                         $options);

}

sub _select_usage { return << 'EOS' }

Your select arguments is wrong.

select usage:

$dbi->select(

    $table,                # String or array ref

    [@$columns],           # Array reference. this can be ommited

    {%$where_params},      # Hash reference.  this can be ommited

    $append_statement,     # String.          this can be ommited

    $query_edit_callback   # Sub reference.   this can be ommited

);

EOS

sub select {

    my $self = shift;

    # Check argument

    croak($self->_select_usage) unless @_;

    # Arguments

    my $tables = shift || '';

    $tables    = [$tables] unless ref $tables;

    my $columns          = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? shift : [];

    my $where_params     = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH'  ? shift : {};

    my $append_statement = $_[0] && !ref $_[0]  ? shift : '';

    my $query_edit_cb    = shift if ref $_[0] eq 'CODE';

    # Check rest argument

    croak($self->_select_usage) if @_;

    # SQL template for select statement

    my $template = 'select ';

    # Join column clause

    if (@$columns) {

        foreach my $column (@$columns) {

            $template .= "$column, ";

        }

        $template =~ s/, $/ /;

    }

    else {

        $template .= '* ';

    }

    # Join table

    $template .= 'from ';

    foreach my $table (@$tables) {

        $template .= "$table, ";

    }

    $template =~ s/, $/ /;

    # Where clause keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Join where clause

    if (@where_keys) {

        $template .= 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $template .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

    }

    $template =~ s/ and $//;

    # Append something to last of statement

    if ($append_statement =~ s/^where //) {

        if (@where_keys) {

            $template .= " and $append_statement";

        }

        else {

            $template .= " where $append_statement";

        }

    }

    else {

        $template .= " $append_statement";

    }

    # Create query

    my $query = $self->create_query($template);

    # Query edit

    $query_edit_cb->($query) if $query_edit_cb;

    # Execute query

    my $result = $self->query($query, $where_params);

    return $result;

}

sub _add_query_cache {

    my ($class, $template, $query) = @_;

    # Query information

    my $query_cache_keys = $class->_query_cache_keys;

    my $query_caches     = $class->_query_caches;

    # Already cached

    return $class if $query_caches->{$template};

    # Cache

    $query_caches->{$template} = $query;

    push @$query_cache_keys, $template;

    # Check cache overflow

    my $overflow = @$query_cache_keys - $class->query_cache_max;

    for (my $i = 0; $i < $overflow; $i++) {

        my $template = shift @$query_cache_keys;

        delete $query_caches->{$template};

    }

    return $class;

}

sub filter_off {

    my $self = shift;

    # Filter off

    $self->bind_filter(undef);

    $self->fetch_filter(undef);

    return $self;

}

=head1 NAME

DBIx::Custom - Customizable DBI

=head1 VERSION

Version 0.1101

=cut

our $VERSION = '0.1101';

=head1 STATE

This module is not stable. Method name and functionality will be change.

=head1 SYNOPSYS

    # New

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->new(data_source => "dbi:mysql:database=books"

                                user => 'ken', password => '!LFKD%$&');

    # Query

    $dbi->query("select title from books");

    # Query with parameters

    $dbi->query("select id from books where {= author} && {like title}",

                {author => 'ken', title => '%Perl%'});

    # Insert 

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'perl', author => 'Ken'});

    # Update 

    $dbi->update('books', {title => 'aaa', author => 'Ken'}, {id => 5});

    # Delete

    $dbi->delete('books', {author => 'Ken'});

    # Select

    $dbi->select('books');

    $dbi->select('books', {author => 'taro'}); 

    $dbi->select('books', [qw/author title/], {author => 'Ken'});

    $dbi->select('books', [qw/author title/], {author => 'Ken'},

                 'order by id limit 1');

=head1 ATTRIBUTES

=head2 user

Database user name

    $dbi  = $dbi->user('Ken');

    $user = $dbi->user;

=head2 password

Database password

    $dbi      = $dbi->password('lkj&le`@s');

    $password = $dbi->password;

=head2 data_source

Database data source

    $dbi         = $dbi->data_source("dbi:mysql:dbname=$database");

    $data_source = $dbi->data_source;

If you know data source more, See also L<DBI>.

=head2 database

Database name

    $dbi      = $dbi->database('books');

    $database = $dbi->database;

=head2 host

Host name

    $dbi  = $dbi->host('somehost.com');

    $host = $dbi->host;

You can also set IP address like '127.03.45.12'.

=head2 port

Port number

    $dbi  = $dbi->port(1198);

    $port = $dbi->port;

=head2 options

DBI options

    $dbi     = $dbi->options({PrintError => 0, RaiseError => 1});

    $options = $dbi->options;

=head2 sql_tmpl

SQL::Template object

    $dbi      = $dbi->sql_tmpl(DBIx::Cutom::SQL::Template->new);

    $sql_tmpl = $dbi->sql_tmpl;

See also L<DBIx::Custom::SQL::Template>.

=head2 filters

Filters

    $dbi     = $dbi->filters({filter1 => sub { }, filter2 => sub {}});

    $filters = $dbi->filters;

This method is generally used to get a filter.

    $filter = $dbi->filters->{encode_utf8};

If you add filter, use add_filter method.

=head2 formats

Formats

    $dbi     = $dbi->formats({format1 => sub { }, format2 => sub {}});

    $formats = $dbi->formats;

This method is generally used to get a format.

    $filter = $dbi->formats->{datetime};

If you add format, use add_format method.

=head2 bind_filter

Binding filter

    $dbi         = $dbi->bind_filter($bind_filter);

    $bind_filter = $dbi->bind_filter

The following is bind filter sample

    $dbi->bind_filter(sub {

        my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

        # edit $value

        return $value;

    });

Bind filter arguemts is

    1. $value : Value

    2. $key   : Key

    3. $dbi   : DBIx::Custom object

    4. $infos : {table => $table, column => $column}

=head2 fetch_filter

Fetching filter

    $dbi          = $dbi->fetch_filter($fetch_filter);

    $fetch_filter = $dbi->fetch_filter;

The following is fetch filter sample

    $dbi->fetch_filter(sub {

        my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

        # edit $value

        return $value;

    });

Bind filter arguemts is

    1. $value : Value

    2. $key   : Key

    3. $dbi   : DBIx::Custom object

    4. $infos : {type => $table, sth => $sth, index => $index}

=head2 no_bind_filters

Key list which dose not have to bind filtering

    $dbi             = $dbi->no_bind_filters(qw/title author/);

    $no_bind_filters = $dbi->no_bind_filters;

=head2 no_fetch_filters

Key list which dose not have to fetch filtering

    $dbi              = $dbi->no_fetch_filters(qw/title author/);

    $no_fetch_filters = $dbi->no_fetch_filters;

=head2 result_class

Resultset class

    $dbi          = $dbi->result_class('DBIx::Custom::Result');

    $result_class = $dbi->result_class;

Default is L<DBIx::Custom::Result>

=head2 dbh

Database handle

    $dbi = $dbi->dbh($dbh);

    $dbh = $dbi->dbh;

=head2 query_cache_max

Query cache max

    $class           = DBIx::Custom->query_cache_max(50);

    $query_cache_max = DBIx::Custom->query_cache_max;

Default value is 50

=head1 METHODS

This class is L<Object::Simple> subclass.

You can use all methods of L<Object::Simple>

=head2 connect

Connect to database

    $dbi->connect;

=head2 disconnect

Disconnect database

    $dbi->disconnect;

If database is already disconnected, this method do nothing.

=head2 reconnect

Reconnect to database

    $dbi->reconnect;

=head2 connected

Check if database is connected.

    $is_connected = $dbi->connected;

=head2 filter_off

bind_filter and fitch_filter off

    $dbi->filter_off

This method is equeal to

    $dbi->bind_filter(undef);

    $dbi->fetch_filter(undef);

=head2 add_filter

Resist filter

    $dbi->add_filter($fname1 => $filter1, $fname => $filter2);

The following is add_filter sample

    $dbi->add_filter(

        encode_utf8 => sub {

            my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

            utf8::upgrade($value) unless Encode::is_utf8($value);

            return encode('UTF-8', $value);

        },

        decode_utf8 => sub {

            my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

            return decode('UTF-8', $value)

        }

    );

=head2 add_format

Add format

    $dbi->add_format($fname1 => $format, $fname2 => $format2);

The following is add_format sample.

    $dbi->add_format(date => '%Y:%m:%d', datetime => '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S');

=head2 create_query

Create Query object parsing SQL template

    my $query = $dbi->create_query("select * from authors where {= name} and {= age}");

$query is <DBIx::Query> object. This is executed by query method as the following

    $dbi->query($query, $params);

If you know SQL template, see also L<DBIx::Custom::SQL::Template>.

=head2 query

Query

    $result = $dbi->query($template, $params);

The following is query sample

    $result = $dbi->query("select * from authors where {= name} and {= age}", 

                          {author => 'taro', age => 19});

    while (my @row = $result->fetch) {

        # do something

    }

If you now syntax of template, See also L<DBIx::Custom::SQL::Template>

Return value of query method is L<DBIx::Custom::Result> object

See also L<DBIx::Custom::Result>.

=head2 transaction

Get L<DBIx::Custom::Transaction> object, and you run a transaction.

    $dbi->transaction->run(sub {

        my $dbi = shift;

        # do something

    });

If transaction is success, commit is execute. 

If tranzation is died, rollback is execute.

=head2 create_table

Create table

    $dbi->create_table(

        'books',

        'name char(255)',

        'age  int'

    );

First argument is table name. Rest arguments is column definition.

=head2 drop_table

Drop table

    $dbi->drop_table('books');

=head2 insert

Insert row

    $affected = $dbi->insert($table, \%$insert_params);

    $affected = $dbi->insert($table, \%$insert_params, $append);

Retrun value is affected rows count

The following is insert sample.

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'});

You can add statement.

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'}, "some statement");

=head2 update

Update rows

    $affected = $dbi->update($table, \%update_params, \%where);

    $affected = $dbi->update($table, \%update_params, \%where, $append);

Retrun value is affected rows count

The following is update sample.

    $dbi->update('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'}, {id => 5});

You can add statement.

    $dbi->update('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'},

                 {id => 5}, "some statement");

=head2 update_all

Update all rows

    $affected = $dbi->update_all($table, \%updat_params);

Retrun value is affected rows count

The following is update_all sample.

    $dbi->update_all('books', {author => 'taro'});

=head2 delete

Delete rows

    $affected = $dbi->delete($table, \%where);

    $affected = $dbi->delete($table, \%where, $append);

Retrun value is affected rows count

The following is delete sample.

    $dbi->delete('books', {id => 5});

You can add statement.

    $dbi->delete('books', {id => 5}, "some statement");

=head2 delete_all

Delete all rows

    $affected = $dbi->delete_all($table);

Retrun value is affected rows count