package DBIx::Custom;

use strict;

use warnings;

use base 'Object::Simple';

use Carp 'croak';

use DBI;

use DBIx::Custom::Result;

use DBIx::Custom::SQLTemplate;

use DBIx::Custom::Query;

__PACKAGE__->attr('dbh');

__PACKAGE__->class_attr(_query_caches     => sub { {} });

__PACKAGE__->class_attr(_query_cache_keys => sub { [] });

__PACKAGE__->class_attr('query_cache_max', default => 50,

                                           inherit => 'scalar_copy');

__PACKAGE__->attr([qw/user password data_source/]);

__PACKAGE__->attr([qw/database host port/]);

__PACKAGE__->attr([qw/default_query_filter default_fetch_filter options/]);

__PACKAGE__->dual_attr([qw/ filters formats/],

                       default => sub { {} }, inherit => 'hash_copy');

__PACKAGE__->attr(result_class => 'DBIx::Custom::Result');

__PACKAGE__->attr(sql_tmpl => sub { DBIx::Custom::SQLTemplate->new });

sub register_filter {

    my $invocant = shift;

    # Add filter

    my $filters = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};

    $invocant->filters({%{$invocant->filters}, %$filters});

    return $invocant;

}

sub register_format{

    my $invocant = shift;

    # Add format

    my $formats = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};

    $invocant->formats({%{$invocant->formats}, %$formats});

    return $invocant;

}

sub _auto_commit {

    my $self = shift;

    # Not connected

    croak("Not yet connect to database") unless $self->dbh;

    if (@_) {

        # Set AutoCommit

        $self->dbh->{AutoCommit} = $_[0];

        return $self;

    }

    return $self->dbh->{AutoCommit};

}

sub connect {

    my $self = shift;

    # Information

    my $data_source = $self->data_source;

    my $user        = $self->user;

    my $password    = $self->password;

    my $options     = $self->options;

    # Connect

    my $dbh = eval{DBI->connect(

        $data_source,

        $user,

        $password,

        {

            RaiseError => 1,

            PrintError => 0,

            AutoCommit => 1,

            %{$options || {} }

        }

    )};

    # Connect error

    croak $@ if $@;

    # Database handle

    $self->dbh($dbh);

    return $self;

}

sub DESTROY {

    my $self = shift;

    # Disconnect

    $self->disconnect if $self->connected;

}

sub connected { ref shift->{dbh} eq 'DBI::db' }

sub disconnect {

    my $self = shift;

    if ($self->connected) {

        # Disconnect

        $self->dbh->disconnect;

        delete $self->{dbh};

    }

    return $self;

}

sub reconnect {

    my $self = shift;

    # Reconnect

    $self->disconnect if $self->connected;

    $self->connect;

    return $self;

}

sub create_query {

    my ($self, $template) = @_;

    my $class = ref $self;

    if (ref $template eq 'ARRAY') {

        $template = $template->[1];

    }

    # Create query from SQL template

    my $sql_tmpl = $self->sql_tmpl;

    # Try to get cached query

    my $cached_query = $class->_query_caches->{"$template"};

    # Create query

    my $query;

    if ($cached_query) {

        $query = DBIx::Custom::Query->new(

            sql       => $cached_query->sql,

            columns => $cached_query->columns

        );

    }

    else {

        $query = eval{$sql_tmpl->create_query($template)};

        croak($@) if $@;

        $class->_add_query_cache("$template", $query);

    }

    # Connect if not

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Prepare statement handle

    my $sth = $self->dbh->prepare($query->{sql});

    # Set statement handle

    $query->sth($sth);

    return $query;

}

sub execute{

    my ($self, $query, $params, $args)  = @_;

    $params ||= {};

    # First argument is SQL template

    unless (ref $query eq 'DBIx::Custom::Query') {

        my $template;

        if (ref $query eq 'ARRAY') {

            $template = $query->[0];

        }

        else { $template = $query }

        $query = $self->create_query($template);

    }

    # Filter

    my $filter = $args->{filter} || $query->filter || {};

    # Create bind value

    my $bind_values = $self->_build_bind_values($query, $params, $filter);

    # Execute

    my $sth      = $query->sth;

    my $affected = eval{$sth->execute(@$bind_values)};

    # Execute error

    if (my $execute_error = $@) {

        require Data::Dumper;

        my $sql              = $query->{sql} || '';

        my $params_dump      = Data::Dumper->Dump([$params], ['*params']);

        croak("$execute_error" . 

              "<Your SQL>\n$sql\n" . 

              "<Your parameters>\n$params_dump");

    }

    # Return resultset if select statement is executed

    if ($sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}) {

        # Get result class

        my $result_class = $self->result_class;

        # Create result

        my $result = $result_class->new({

            sth             => $sth,

            default_filter  => $self->default_fetch_filter,

            filters         => $self->filters

        });

        return $result;

    }

    return $affected;

}

sub _build_bind_values {

    my ($self, $query, $params, $filter) = @_;

    # binding values

    my @bind_values;

    # Build bind values

    my $count = {};

    foreach my $column (@{$query->columns}) {

        croak "\"$column\" is not exists in params"

          unless exists $params->{$column};

        # Value

        my $value = ref $params->{$column} eq 'ARRAY'

                  ? $params->{$column}->[$count->{$column} || 0]

                  : $params->{$column};

        # Filter

        $filter ||= {};

        # Filter name

        my $fname = $filter->{$column} || $self->default_query_filter || '';

        my $filter_func;

        if ($fname) {

            if (ref $fname eq 'CODE') {

                $filter_func = $fname;

            }

            else {

                my $filters = $self->filters;

                croak "Not exists filter \"$fname\"" unless exists $filters->{$fname};

                $filter_func = $filters->{$fname};

            }            

        }

        push @bind_values, $filter_func

                         ? $filter_func->($value)

                         : $value;

        # Count up 

        $count->{$column}++;

    }

    return \@bind_values;

}

sub run_transaction {

    my ($self, $transaction) = @_;

    # Shorcut

    return unless $self;

    # Check auto commit

    croak("AutoCommit must be true before transaction start")

      unless $self->_auto_commit;

    # Auto commit off

    $self->_auto_commit(0);

    # Run transaction

    eval {$transaction->()};

    # Tranzaction error

    my $transaction_error = $@;

    # Tranzaction is failed.

    if ($transaction_error) {

        # Rollback

        eval{$self->dbh->rollback};

        # Rollback error

        my $rollback_error = $@;

        # Auto commit on

        $self->_auto_commit(1);

        if ($rollback_error) {

            # Rollback is failed

            croak("${transaction_error}Rollback is failed : $rollback_error");

        }

        else {

            # Rollback is success

            croak("${transaction_error}Rollback is success");

        }

    }

    # Tranzaction is success

    else {

        # Commit

        eval{$self->dbh->commit};

        my $commit_error = $@;

        # Auto commit on

        $self->_auto_commit(1);

        # Commit is failed

        croak($commit_error) if $commit_error;

    }

}

sub create_table {

    my ($self, $table, @column_definitions) = @_;

    # Create table

    my $sql = "create table $table (";

    # Column definitions

    foreach my $column_definition (@column_definitions) {

        $sql .= "$column_definition,";

    }

    $sql =~ s/,$//;

    # End

    $sql .= ");";

    # Connect

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Do query

    return $self->dbh->do($sql);

}

sub drop_table {

    my ($self, $table) = @_;

    # Drop table

    my $sql = "drop table $table;";

    # Connect

    $self->connect unless $self->connected;

    # Do query

    return $self->dbh->do($sql);

}

our %VALID_INSERT_ARGS = map { $_ => 1 } qw/append filter/;

sub insert {

    my ($self, $table, $insert_params, $args) = @_;

    # Table

    $table ||= '';

    # Insert params

    $insert_params ||= {};

    # Arguments

    $args ||= {};

    # Check arguments

    foreach my $name (keys %$args) {

        croak "\"$name\" is invalid name"

          unless $VALID_INSERT_ARGS{$name};

    }

    my $append_statement = $args->{append} || '';

    my $filter           = $args->{filter};

    # Insert keys

    my @insert_keys = keys %$insert_params;

    # Not exists insert keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for insert must be specified to 'insert' second argument")

      unless @insert_keys;

    # Templte for insert

    my $template = "insert into $table {insert " . join(' ', @insert_keys) . '}';

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->execute($template, $insert_params, {filter => $filter});

    return $ret_val;

}

our %VALID_UPDATE_ARGS

  = map { $_ => 1 } qw/where append filter allow_update_all/;

sub update {

    my ($self, $table, $params, $args) = @_;

    # Check arguments

    foreach my $name (keys %$args) {

        croak "\"$name\" is invalid name"

          unless $VALID_UPDATE_ARGS{$name};

    }

    # Arguments

    my $where_params     = $args->{where} || {};

    my $append_statement = $args->{append} || '';

    my $filter           = $args->{filter};

    my $allow_update_all = $args->{allow_update_all};

    # Update keys

    my @update_keys = keys %$params;

    # Not exists update kyes

    croak("Key-value pairs for update must be specified to 'update' second argument")

      unless @update_keys;

    # Where keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Not exists where keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for where clause must be specified to 'update' third argument")

      if !@where_keys && !$allow_update_all;

    # Update clause

    my $update_clause = '{update ' . join(' ', @update_keys) . '}';

    # Where clause

    my $where_clause = '';

    my $new_where = {};

    if (@where_keys) {

        $where_clause = 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $where_clause .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

        $where_clause =~ s/ and $//;

    }

    # Template for update

    my $template = "update $table $update_clause $where_clause";

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Rearrange parammeters

    foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

        if (exists $params->{$where_key}) {

            $params->{$where_key} = [$params->{$where_key}]

              unless ref $params->{$where_key} eq 'ARRAY';

            push @{$params->{$where_key}}, $where_params->{$where_key};

        }

        else {

            $params->{$where_key} = $where_params->{$where_key};

        }

    }

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->execute($template, $params, {filter => $filter});

    return $ret_val;

}

sub update_all {

    my ($self, $table, $update_params, $args) = @_;

    # Allow all update

    $args ||= {};

    $args->{allow_update_all} = 1;

    # Update all rows

    return $self->update($table, $update_params, $args);

}

our %VALID_DELETE_ARGS

  = map { $_ => 1 } qw/where append filter allow_delete_all/;

sub delete {

    my ($self, $table, $args) = @_;

    # Table

    $table            ||= '';

    # Check arguments

    foreach my $name (keys %$args) {

        croak "\"$name\" is invalid name"

          unless $VALID_DELETE_ARGS{$name};

    }

    # Arguments

    my $where_params     = $args->{where} || {};

    my $append_statement = $args->{append};

    my $filter    = $args->{filter};

    my $allow_delete_all = $args->{allow_delete_all};

    # Where keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Not exists where keys

    croak("Key-value pairs for where clause must be specified to 'delete' second argument")

      if !@where_keys && !$allow_delete_all;

    # Where clause

    my $where_clause = '';

    if (@where_keys) {

        $where_clause = 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $where_clause .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

        $where_clause =~ s/ and $//;

    }

    # Template for delete

    my $template = "delete from $table $where_clause";

    $template .= " $append_statement" if $append_statement;

    # Execute query

    my $ret_val = $self->execute($template, $where_params, {filter => $filter});

    return $ret_val;

}

sub delete_all {

    my ($self, $table, $args) = @_;

    # Allow all delete

    $args ||= {};

    $args->{allow_delete_all} = 1;

    # Delete all rows

    return $self->delete($table, $args);

}

our %VALID_SELECT_ARGS

  = map { $_ => 1 } qw/columns where append filter/;

sub select {

    my ($self, $tables, $args) = @_;

    # Table

    $tables ||= '';

    $tables = [$tables] unless ref $tables;

    # Check arguments

    foreach my $name (keys %$args) {

        croak "\"$name\" is invalid name"

          unless $VALID_SELECT_ARGS{$name};

    }

    # Arguments

    my $columns          = $args->{columns} || [];

    my $where_params     = $args->{where} || {};

    my $append_statement = $args->{append} || '';

    my $filter    = $args->{filter};

    # SQL template for select statement

    my $template = 'select ';

    # Join column clause

    if (@$columns) {

        foreach my $column (@$columns) {

            $template .= "$column, ";

        }

        $template =~ s/, $/ /;

    }

    else {

        $template .= '* ';

    }

    # Join table

    $template .= 'from ';

    foreach my $table (@$tables) {

        $template .= "$table, ";

    }

    $template =~ s/, $/ /;

    # Where clause keys

    my @where_keys = keys %$where_params;

    # Join where clause

    if (@where_keys) {

        $template .= 'where ';

        foreach my $where_key (@where_keys) {

            $template .= "{= $where_key} and ";

        }

    }

    $template =~ s/ and $//;

    # Append something to last of statement

    if ($append_statement =~ s/^where //) {

        if (@where_keys) {

            $template .= " and $append_statement";

        }

        else {

            $template .= " where $append_statement";

        }

    }

    else {

        $template .= " $append_statement";

    }

    # Execute query

    my $result = $self->execute($template, $where_params, {filter => $filter});

    return $result;

}

sub _add_query_cache {

    my ($class, $template, $query) = @_;

    # Query information

    my $query_cache_keys = $class->_query_cache_keys;

    my $query_caches     = $class->_query_caches;

    # Already cached

    return $class if $query_caches->{$template};

    # Cache

    $query_caches->{$template} = $query;

    push @$query_cache_keys, $template;

    # Check cache overflow

    my $overflow = @$query_cache_keys - $class->query_cache_max;

    for (my $i = 0; $i < $overflow; $i++) {

        my $template = shift @$query_cache_keys;

        delete $query_caches->{$template};

    }

    return $class;

}

=head1 NAME

DBIx::Custom - DBI with hash bind and filtering system 

=head1 VERSION

Version 0.1402

=cut

our $VERSION = '0.1402';

$VERSION = eval $VERSION;

=head1 STATE

This module is not stable. Method name and functionality will be change.

=head1 SYNOPSYS

    # New

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->new(data_source => "dbi:mysql:database=books"

                                user => 'ken', password => '!LFKD%$&');

    # Query

    $dbi->execute("select title from books");

    # Query with parameters

    $dbi->execute("select id from books where {= author} && {like title}",

                {author => 'ken', title => '%Perl%'});

    # Insert 

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'perl', author => 'Ken'});

    # Update 

    $dbi->update('books', {title => 'aaa', author => 'Ken'}, {where => {id => 5}});

    # Delete

    $dbi->delete('books', {where => {author => 'Ken'}});

    # Select

    my $result = $dbi->select('books');

    my $result = $dbi->select('books', {where => {author => 'taro'}}); 

    my $result = $dbi->select(

       'books', 

       {

           columns => [qw/author title/],

           where   => {author => 'Ken'}

        }

    );

    my $result = $dbi->select(

        'books',

        {

            columns => [qw/author title/],

            where   => {author => 'Ken'},

            append  => 'order by id limit 1'

        }

    );

=head1 ATTRIBUTES

=head2 user

Database user name

    $dbi  = $dbi->user('Ken');

    $user = $dbi->user;

=head2 password

Database password

    $dbi      = $dbi->password('lkj&le`@s');

    $password = $dbi->password;

=head2 data_source

Database data source

    $dbi         = $dbi->data_source("dbi:mysql:dbname=$database");

    $data_source = $dbi->data_source;

If you know data source more, See also L<DBI>.

=head2 database

Database name

    $dbi      = $dbi->database('books');

    $database = $dbi->database;

=head2 host

Host name

    $dbi  = $dbi->host('somehost.com');

    $host = $dbi->host;

You can also set IP address like '127.03.45.12'.

=head2 port

Port number

    $dbi  = $dbi->port(1198);

    $port = $dbi->port;

=head2 options

DBI options

    $dbi     = $dbi->options({PrintError => 0, RaiseError => 1});

    $options = $dbi->options;

=head2 sql_tmpl

SQLTemplate object

    $dbi      = $dbi->sql_tmpl(DBIx::Cutom::SQLTemplate->new);

    $sql_tmpl = $dbi->sql_tmpl;

See also L<DBIx::Custom::SQLTemplate>.

=head2 filters

Filters

    $dbi     = $dbi->filters({filter1 => sub { }, filter2 => sub {}});

    $filters = $dbi->filters;

This method is generally used to get a filter.

    $filter = $dbi->filters->{encode_utf8};

If you add filter, use register_filter method.

=head2 formats

Formats

    $dbi     = $dbi->formats({format1 => sub { }, format2 => sub {}});

    $formats = $dbi->formats;

This method is generally used to get a format.

    $filter = $dbi->formats->{datetime};

If you add format, use register_format method.

=head2 default_query_filter

Binding filter

    $dbi                 = $dbi->default_query_filter($default_query_filter);

    $default_query_filter = $dbi->default_query_filter

The following is bind filter example

    $dbi->register_filter(encode_utf8 => sub {

        my $value = shift;

        require Encode 'encode_utf8';

        return encode_utf8($value);

    });

    $dbi->default_query_filter('encode_utf8')

Bind filter arguemts is

    1. $value : Value

    2. $key   : Key

    3. $dbi   : DBIx::Custom object

    4. $infos : {table => $table, column => $column}

=head2 default_fetch_filter

Fetching filter

    $dbi                  = $dbi->default_fetch_filter($default_fetch_filter);

    $default_fetch_filter = $dbi->default_fetch_filter;

The following is fetch filter example

    $dbi->register_filter(decode_utf8 => sub {

        my $value = shift;

        require Encode 'decode_utf8';

        return decode_utf8($value);

    });

    $dbi->default_fetch_filter('decode_utf8');

Bind filter arguemts is

    1. $value : Value

    2. $key   : Key

    3. $dbi   : DBIx::Custom object

    4. $infos : {type => $table, sth => $sth, index => $index}

=head2 result_class

Resultset class

    $dbi          = $dbi->result_class('DBIx::Custom::Result');

    $result_class = $dbi->result_class;

Default is L<DBIx::Custom::Result>

=head2 dbh

Database handle

    $dbi = $dbi->dbh($dbh);

    $dbh = $dbi->dbh;

=head2 query_cache_max

Query cache max

    $class           = DBIx::Custom->query_cache_max(50);

    $query_cache_max = DBIx::Custom->query_cache_max;

Default value is 50

=head1 METHODS

This class is L<Object::Simple> subclass.

You can use all methods of L<Object::Simple>

=head2 connect

Connect to database

    $dbi->connect;

=head2 disconnect

Disconnect database

    $dbi->disconnect;

If database is already disconnected, this method do nothing.

=head2 reconnect

Reconnect to database

    $dbi->reconnect;

=head2 connected

Check if database is connected.

    $is_connected = $dbi->connected;

=head2 register_filter

Resist filter

    $dbi->register_filter($fname1 => $filter1, $fname => $filter2);

The following is register_filter example

    $dbi->register_filter(

        encode_utf8 => sub {

            my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

            utf8::upgrade($value) unless Encode::is_utf8($value);

            return encode('UTF-8', $value);

        },

        decode_utf8 => sub {

            my ($value, $key, $dbi, $infos) = @_;

            return decode('UTF-8', $value)

        }

    );

=head2 register_format

Add format

    $dbi->register_format($fname1 => $format, $fname2 => $format2);

The following is register_format example.

    $dbi->register_format(date => '%Y:%m:%d', datetime => '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S');

=head2 create_query

Create Query object parsing SQL template

    my $query = $dbi->create_query("select * from authors where {= name} and {= age}");

$query is <DBIx::Query> object. This is executed by query method as the following

    $dbi->execute($query, $params);

If you know SQL template, see also L<DBIx::Custom::SQLTemplate>.

=head2 execute

Query

    $result = $dbi->execute($template, $params);

The following is query example

    $result = $dbi->execute("select * from authors where {= name} and {= age}", 

                          {author => 'taro', age => 19});

    while (my @row = $result->fetch) {

        # do something

    }

If you now syntax of template, See also L<DBIx::Custom::SQLTemplate>

execute() return L<DBIx::Custom::Result> object

=head2 transaction

Get L<DBIx::Custom::Transaction> object, and you run a transaction.

    $dbi->transaction->run(sub {

        my $dbi = shift;

        # do something

    });

If transaction is success, commit is execute. 

If tranzation is died, rollback is execute.

=head2 create_table

Create table

    $dbi->create_table(

        'books',

        'name char(255)',

        'age  int'

    );

First argument is table name. Rest arguments is column definition.

=head2 drop_table

Drop table

    $dbi->drop_table('books');

=head2 insert

Insert row

    $affected = $dbi->insert($table, \%$insert_params);

    $affected = $dbi->insert($table, \%$insert_params, $append);

Retrun value is affected rows count

The following is insert example.

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'});

You can add statement.

    $dbi->insert('books', {title => 'Perl', author => 'Taro'}, "some statement");

=head2 update

Update rows

    $affected = $dbi->update($table, \%update_params, \%where);