package DBIx::Custom;
use Object::Simple -base;

our $VERSION = '0.2106';
use 5.008001;

use Carp 'croak';
use DBI;
use DBIx::Custom::Result;
use DBIx::Custom::Query;
use DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder;
use DBIx::Custom::Where;
use DBIx::Custom::Model;
use DBIx::Custom::Tag;
use DBIx::Custom::Order;
use DBIx::Custom::Util qw/_array_to_hash _subname/;
use DBIx::Custom::Mapper;
use DBIx::Custom::NotExists;
use Encode qw/encode encode_utf8 decode_utf8/;
use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;


has [qw/connector dsn password quote user exclude_table user_table_info
        user_column_info safety_character/],
    cache => 0,
    cache_method => sub {
        sub {
            my $self = shift;
            
            $self->{_cached} ||= {};
            
            if (@_ > 1) {
                $self->{_cached}{$_[0]} = $_[1];
            }
            else {
                return $self->{_cached}{$_[0]};
            }
        }
    },
    option => sub { {} },
    default_option => sub {
        {
            RaiseError => 1,
            PrintError => 0,
            AutoCommit => 1
        }
    },
    filters => sub {
        {
            encode_utf8 => sub { encode_utf8($_[0]) },
            decode_utf8 => sub { decode_utf8($_[0]) }
        }
    },
    last_sql => '',
    models => sub { {} },
    now => sub {
        sub {
            my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year) = localtime;
            $mon++;
            $year += 1900;
            my $now = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
              $year, $mon, $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
            return $now;
        }
    },
    query_builder => sub {
        my $self = shift;
        my $builder = DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder->new(dbi => $self);
        weaken $builder->{dbi};
        return $builder;
    },
    result_class  => 'DBIx::Custom::Result',
    separator => '.',
    stash => sub { {} };

sub available_datatype {
    my $self = shift;
    
    my $data_types = '';
    for my $i (-1000 .. 1000) {
         my $type_info = $self->dbh->type_info($i);
         my $data_type = $type_info->{DATA_TYPE};
         my $type_name = $type_info->{TYPE_NAME};
         $data_types .= "$data_type ($type_name)\n"
           if defined $data_type;
    }
    return "Data Type maybe equal to Type Name" unless $data_types;
    $data_types = "Data Type (Type name)\n" . $data_types;
    return $data_types;
}

sub available_typename {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Type Names
    my $type_names = {};
    $self->each_column(sub {
        my ($self, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
        $type_names->{$column_info->{TYPE_NAME}} = 1
          if $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};
    });
    my @output = sort keys %$type_names;
    unshift @output, "Type Name";
    return join "\n", @output;
}

our $AUTOLOAD;
sub AUTOLOAD {
    my $self = shift;

    # Method name
    my ($package, $mname) = $AUTOLOAD =~ /^([\w\:]+)\:\:(\w+)$/;

    # Call method
    $self->{_methods} ||= {};
    if (my $method = $self->{_methods}->{$mname}) {
        return $self->$method(@_)
    }
    elsif ($self->{dbh} && (my $dbh_method = $self->dbh->can($mname))) {
        $self->dbh->$dbh_method(@_);
    }
    else {
        croak qq{Can't locate object method "$mname" via "$package" }
            . _subname;
    }
}

sub assign_clause {
    my ($self, $param, $opts) = @_;
    
    my $wrap = $opts->{wrap} || {};
    my ($q, $p) = split //, $self->q('');
    
    # Assign clause (performance is important)
    join(
      ', ',
      map {
          ref $param->{$_} eq 'SCALAR' ? "$q$_$p = " . ${$param->{$_}}
          : $wrap->{$_} ? "$q$_$p = " . $wrap->{$_}->(":$_")
          : "$q$_$p = :$_";
      } sort keys %$param
    );
}

sub column {
    my $self = shift;
    my $option = pop if ref $_[-1] eq 'HASH';
    my $real_table = shift;
    my $columns = shift;
    my $table = $option->{alias} || $real_table;
    
    # Columns
    unless (defined $columns) {
        $columns ||= $self->model($real_table)->columns;
    }
    
    # Separator
    my $separator = $self->separator;
    
    # Column clause
    my @column;
    $columns ||= [];
    push @column, $self->q($table) . "." . $self->q($_) .
      " as " . $self->q("${table}${separator}$_")
      for @$columns;
    
    return join (', ', @column);
}

sub connect {
    my $self = ref $_[0] ? shift : shift->new(@_);
    
    my $connector = $self->connector;
    
    if (!ref $connector && $connector) {
        require DBIx::Connector;
        
        my $dsn = $self->dsn;
        my $user = $self->user;
        my $password = $self->password;
        my $option = $self->_option;
        my $connector = DBIx::Connector->new($dsn, $user, $password,
          {%{$self->default_option} , %$option});
        $self->connector($connector);
    }
    
    # Connect
    $self->dbh;
    
    return $self;
}

sub count { shift->select(column => 'count(*)', @_)->fetch_one->[0] }

sub dbh {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Set
    if (@_) {
        $self->{dbh} = $_[0];
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    # Get
    else {
        # From Connction manager
        if (my $connector = $self->connector) {
            croak "connector must have dbh() method " . _subname
              unless ref $connector && $connector->can('dbh');
              
            $self->{dbh} = $connector->dbh;
        }
        
        # Connect
        $self->{dbh} ||= $self->_connect;
        
        # Quote
        if (!defined $self->reserved_word_quote && !defined $self->quote) {
            my $driver = $self->_driver;
            my $quote =  $driver eq 'odbc' ? '[]'
                       : $driver eq 'ado' ? '[]'
                       : $driver eq 'mysql' ? '`'
                       : '"';
            $self->quote($quote);
        }
        
        return $self->{dbh};
    }
}

sub delete {
    my ($self, %opt) = @_;
    warn "delete method where_param option is DEPRECATED!"
      if $opt{where_param};
    
    # Don't allow delete all rows
    croak qq{delete method where or id option must be specified } . _subname
      if !$opt{where} && !defined $opt{id} && !$opt{allow_delete_all};
    
    # Where
    my $w = $self->_where_clause_and_param($opt{where}, $opt{where_param},
      delete $opt{id}, $opt{primary_key}, $opt{table});

    # Delete statement
    my $sql = "delete ";
    $sql .= "$opt{prefix} " if defined $opt{prefix};
    $sql .= "from " . $self->q($opt{table}) . " $w->{clause} ";
    
    # Execute query
    $opt{statement} = 'delete';
    $self->execute($sql, $w->{param}, %opt);
}

sub delete_all { shift->delete(@_, allow_delete_all => 1) }

sub DESTROY {}

sub create_model {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Options
    my $opt = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $opt->{dbi} = $self;
    my $model_class = delete $opt->{model_class} || 'DBIx::Custom::Model';
    my $model_name  = delete $opt->{name};
    my $model_table = delete $opt->{table};
    $model_name ||= $model_table;
    
    # Create model
    my $model = $model_class->new($opt);
    weaken $model->{dbi};
    $model->name($model_name) unless $model->name;
    $model->table($model_table) unless $model->table;
    
    # Apply filter(DEPRECATED logic)
    if ($model->{filter}) {
        my $filter = ref $model->filter eq 'HASH'
                   ? [%{$model->filter}]
                   : $model->filter;
        $filter ||= [];
        warn "DBIx::Custom::Model filter method is DEPRECATED!"
          if @$filter;
        $self->_apply_filter($model->table, @$filter);
    }
    
    # Set model
    $self->model($model->name, $model);
    
    return $self->model($model->name);
}

sub each_column {
    my ($self, $cb, %options) = @_;

    my $user_column_info = $self->user_column_info;
    
    if ($user_column_info) {
        $self->$cb($_->{table}, $_->{column}, $_->{info}) for @$user_column_info;
    }
    else {
    
        my $re = $self->exclude_table || $options{exclude_table};
        # Tables
        my %tables;
        $self->each_table(sub { $tables{$_[1]}++ });

        # Iterate all tables
        my @tables = sort keys %tables;
        for (my $i = 0; $i < @tables; $i++) {
            my $table = $tables[$i];
            
            # Iterate all columns
            my $sth_columns;
            eval {$sth_columns = $self->dbh->column_info(undef, undef, $table, '%')};
            next if $@;
            while (my $column_info = $sth_columns->fetchrow_hashref) {
                my $column = $column_info->{COLUMN_NAME};
                $self->$cb($table, $column, $column_info);
            }
        }
    }
}

sub each_table {
    my ($self, $cb, %option) = @_;
    
    my $user_table_infos = $self->user_table_info;
    
    # Iterate tables
    if ($user_table_infos) {
        $self->$cb($_->{table}, $_->{info}) for @$user_table_infos;
    }
    else {
        my $re = $self->exclude_table || $option{exclude};
        my $sth_tables = $self->dbh->table_info;
        while (my $table_info = $sth_tables->fetchrow_hashref) {
            
            # Table
            my $table = $table_info->{TABLE_NAME};
            next if defined $re && $table =~ /$re/;
            $self->$cb($table, $table_info);
        }
    }
}

sub execute {
    my $self = shift;
    my $sql = shift;

    # Options
    my $params;
    $params = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %opt = @_;
    warn "sqlfilter option is DEPRECATED" if $opt{sqlfilter};
    $params ||= $opt{param} || {};
    my $tables = $opt{table} || [];
    $tables = [$tables] unless ref $tables eq 'ARRAY';
    my $filter = ref $opt{filter} eq 'ARRAY' ?
      _array_to_hash($opt{filter}) : $opt{filter};
    
    # Merge second parameter
    my @cleanup;
    my $saved_param;
    if (($opt{statement} || '') ne 'insert' && ref $params eq 'ARRAY') {
        my $params2 = $params->[1];
        $params = $params->[0];
        for my $column (keys %$params2) {
            if (!exists $params->{$column}) {
                $params->{$column} = $params2->{$column};
                push @cleanup, $column;
            }
            else {
                delete $params->{$_} for @cleanup;
                @cleanup = ();
                $saved_param  = $params;
                $params = $self->merge_param($params, $params2);
                delete $saved_param->{$_} for (@{$opt{cleanup} || []});
                last;
            }
        }
    }
    $params = [$params] unless ref $params eq 'ARRAY';
    
    # Append
    $sql .= $opt{append} if defined $opt{append} && !ref $sql;
    
    # Query
    my $query;
    if (ref $sql) {
        $query = $sql;
        warn "execute method receiving query object as first parameter is DEPRECATED!" .
             "because this is very buggy.";
    }
    else {
        $query = $opt{reuse}->{$sql} if $opt{reuse};
        unless ($query) {
            my $c = $self->{safety_character};
            # Check unsafety keys
            unless ((join('', keys %{$params->[0]}) || '') =~ /^[$c\.]+$/) {
                for my $column (keys %{$params->[0]}) {
                    croak qq{"$column" is not safety column name } . _subname
                      unless $column =~ /^[$c\.]+$/;
                }
            }
            $query = $self->_create_query($sql,$opt{after_build_sql} || $opt{sqlfilter});
        }
        $query->{statement} = $opt{statement} || '';
        $opt{reuse}->{$sql} = $query if $opt{reuse};
    }
        
    # Save query
    $self->{last_sql} = $query->{sql};

    # Return query
    if ($opt{query}) {
        for my $column (@cleanup, @{$opt{cleanup} || []}) {
            delete $_->{$column} for @$params;
        }
        return $query;
    };
    
    # Merge query filter(DEPRECATED!)
    $filter ||= $query->{filter} || {};
    
    # Tables
    unshift @$tables, @{$query->{tables} || []};
    my $main_table = @{$tables}[-1];

    # Merge id to parameter
    if (defined $opt{id}) {
        my $statement = $query->{statement};
        warn "execute method id option is DEPRECATED!" unless $statement;
        croak "execute id option must be specified with primary_key option"
          unless $opt{primary_key};
        $opt{primary_key} = [$opt{primary_key}] unless ref $opt{primary_key};
        $opt{id} = [$opt{id}] unless ref $opt{id};
        for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$opt{id}}; $i++) {
           my $key = $opt{primary_key}->[$i];
           $key = "$main_table.$key" if $statement eq 'update' ||
             $statement eq 'delete' || $statement eq 'select';
           next if exists $params->[0]->{$key};
           $params->[0]->{$key} = $opt{id}->[$i];
           push @cleanup, $key;1
        }
    }
    
    # Cleanup tables(DEPRECATED!)
    $tables = $self->_remove_duplicate_table($tables, $main_table)
      if @$tables > 1;
    
    # Type rule
    my $type_filters = {};
    my $type_rule_off = !$self->{_type_rule_is_called} || $opt{type_rule_off};
    unless ($type_rule_off) {
        my $type_rule_off_parts = {
            1 => $opt{type_rule1_off},
            2 => $opt{type_rule2_off}
        };
        for my $i (1, 2) {
            unless ($type_rule_off_parts->{$i}) {
                $type_filters->{$i} = {};
                my $table_alias = $opt{table_alias} || {};
                for my $alias (keys %$table_alias) {
                    my $table = $table_alias->{$alias};
                    
                    for my $column (keys %{$self->{"_into$i"}{key}{$table} || {}}) {
                        $type_filters->{$i}->{"$alias.$column"} = $self->{"_into$i"}{key}{$table}{$column};
                    }
                }
                $type_filters->{$i} = {%{$type_filters->{$i}}, %{$self->{"_into$i"}{key}{$main_table} || {}}}
                  if $main_table;
            }
        }
    }
    
    # Applied filter(DEPRECATED!)
    if ($self->{filter}{on}) {
        my $applied_filter = {};
        for my $table (@$tables) {
            $applied_filter = {
                %$applied_filter,
                %{$self->{filter}{out}->{$table} || {}}
            }
        }
        $filter = {%$applied_filter, %$filter};
    }
    
    # Replace filter name to code
    for my $column (keys %$filter) {
        my $name = $filter->{$column};
        if (!defined $name) {
            $filter->{$column} = undef;
        }
        elsif (ref $name ne 'CODE') {
          croak qq{Filter "$name" is not registered" } . _subname
            unless exists $self->filters->{$name};
          $filter->{$column} = $self->filters->{$name};
        }
    }

    # Execute
    my $sth = $query->{sth};
    my $affected;
    if ((!$query->{duplicate} || $opt{bulk_insert}) && $type_rule_off
      && !keys %$filter && !$self->{default_out_filter}
      && !$opt{bind_type} && !$opt{type} && !$ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG})
    {
        eval {
            if ($opt{bulk_insert}) {
                my %count;
                my $param = $params->[0];
                $affected = $sth->execute(map { $param->{$_}->[++$count{$_} - 1] }
                  @{$query->{columns}});
            }
            else {
                for my $param (@$params) {
                    $affected = $sth->execute(map { $param->{$_} }
                      @{$query->{columns}});
                }
            }
        };
    }
    else {
        for my $param (@$params) {
            # Create bind values
            my ($bind, $bind_types) = $self->_create_bind_values($param, $query->{columns},
              $filter, $type_filters, $opt{bind_type} || $opt{type} || {});

            # Execute
            eval {
                if ($opt{bind_type} || $opt{type}) {
                    $sth->bind_param($_ + 1, $bind->[$_],
                        $bind_types->[$_] ? $bind_types->[$_] : ())
                      for (0 .. @$bind - 1);
                    $affected = $sth->execute;
                }
                else {
                    $affected = $sth->execute(@$bind);
                }

                # DEBUG message
                if ($ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG}) {
                    warn "SQL:\n" . $query->{sql} . "\n";
                    my @output;
                    for my $value (@$bind) {
                        $value = 'undef' unless defined $value;
                        $value = encode($ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG_ENCODING} || 'UTF-8', $value)
                          if utf8::is_utf8($value);
                        push @output, $value;
                    }
                    warn "Bind values: " . join(', ', @output) . "\n\n";
                }
            };
        }
    }
    
    $self->_croak($@, qq{. Following SQL is executed.\n}
      . qq{$query->{sql}\n} . _subname) if $@;

    # Remove id from parameter
    for my $column (@cleanup, @{$opt{cleanup} || []}) {
        delete $_->{$column} for @$params;
    }
    
    # Not select statement
    return $affected unless $sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS};

    # Filter(DEPRECATED!)
    my $infilter = {};
    if ($self->{filter}{on}) {
        $infilter->{in}  = {};
        $infilter->{end} = {};
        push @$tables, $main_table if $main_table;
        for my $table (@$tables) {
            for my $way (qw/in end/) {
                $infilter->{$way} = {%{$infilter->{$way}},
                  %{$self->{filter}{$way}{$table} || {}}};
            }
        }
    }
    
    # Result
    $self->result_class->new(
        sth => $sth,
        dbi => $self,
        default_filter => $self->{default_in_filter},
        filter => $infilter->{in} || {},
        end_filter => $infilter->{end} || {},
        type_rule => {
            from1 => $self->type_rule->{from1},
            from2 => $self->type_rule->{from2}
        },
    );
}

sub get_table_info {
    my ($self, %opt) = @_;
    
    my $exclude = delete $opt{exclude};
    croak qq/"$_" is wrong option/ for keys %opt;
    
    my $table_info = [];
    $self->each_table(
        sub { push @$table_info, {table => $_[1], info => $_[2] } },
        exclude => $exclude
    );
    
    return [sort {$a->{table} cmp $b->{table} } @$table_info];
}

sub get_column_info {
    my ($self, %opt) = @_;
    
    my $exclude_table = delete $opt{exclude_table};
    croak qq/"$_" is wrong option/ for keys %opt;
    
    my $column_info = [];
    $self->each_column(
        sub { push @$column_info, {table => $_[1], column => $_[2], info => $_[3] } },
        exclude_table => $exclude_table
    );
    
    return [
      sort {$a->{table} cmp $b->{table} || $a->{column} cmp $b->{column} }
        @$column_info];
}

sub helper {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Register method
    my $methods = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->{_methods} = {%{$self->{_methods} || {}}, %$methods};
    
    return $self;
}

sub insert {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Options
    my $params = @_ % 2 ? shift : undef;
    my %opt = @_;
    warn "insert method param option is DEPRECATED!" if $opt{param};
    $params ||= delete $opt{param} || {};
    
    my $multi;
    if (ref $params eq 'ARRAY') { $multi = 1 }
    else { $params = [$params] }
    
    # Timestamp(DEPRECATED!)
    if (!$multi && $opt{timestamp} && (my $insert_timestamp = $self->insert_timestamp)) {
        warn "insert timestamp option is DEPRECATED! use created_at with now attribute";
        my $columns = $insert_timestamp->[0];
        $columns = [$columns] unless ref $columns eq 'ARRAY';
        my $value = $insert_timestamp->[1];
        $value = $value->() if ref $value eq 'CODE';
        $params->[0]->{$_} = $value for @$columns;
    }

    # Created time and updated time
    my @timestamp_cleanup;
    if (defined $opt{created_at} || defined $opt{updated_at}) {
        my $now = $self->now;
        $now = $now->() if ref $now eq 'CODE';
        if (defined $opt{created_at}) {
            $_->{$opt{created_at}} = $now for @$params;
            push @timestamp_cleanup, $opt{created_at};
        }
        if (defined $opt{updated_at}) {
            $_->{$opt{updated_at}} = $now for @$params;
            push @timestamp_cleanup, $opt{updated_at};
        }
    }
    
    # Merge id to parameter
    my @cleanup;
    my $id_param = {};
    if (defined $opt{id} && !$multi) {
        croak "insert id option must be specified with primary_key option"
          unless $opt{primary_key};
        $opt{primary_key} = [$opt{primary_key}] unless ref $opt{primary_key};
        $opt{id} = [$opt{id}] unless ref $opt{id};
        for (my $i = 0; $i < @{$opt{primary_key}}; $i++) {
           my $key = $opt{primary_key}->[$i];
           next if exists $params->[0]->{$key};
           $params->[0]->{$key} = $opt{id}->[$i];
           push @cleanup, $key;
        }
    }
    
    # Insert statement
    my $sql = "insert ";
    $sql .= "$opt{prefix} " if defined $opt{prefix};
    $sql .= "into " . $self->q($opt{table}) . " ";
    if ($opt{bulk_insert}) {
        $sql .= $self->_multi_values_clause($params, {wrap => $opt{wrap}}) . " ";
        my $new_param = {};
        $new_param->{$_} = [] for keys %{$params->[0]};
        for my $param (@$params) {
            push @{$new_param->{$_}}, $param->{$_} for keys %$param;
        }
        $params = [$new_param];
    }
    else {
        $sql .= $self->values_clause($params->[0], {wrap => $opt{wrap}}) . " ";
    }

    # Remove id from parameter
    delete $params->[0]->{$_} for @cleanup;
    
    # Execute query
    $opt{statement} = 'insert';
    $opt{cleanup} = \@timestamp_cleanup;
    $self->execute($sql, $params, %opt);
}

sub insert_timestamp {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "insert_timestamp method is DEPRECATED! use now attribute";
    
    if (@_) {
        $self->{insert_timestamp} = [@_];
        
        return $self;
    }
    return $self->{insert_timestamp};
}

sub include_model {
    my ($self, $name_space, $model_infos) = @_;
    
    # Name space
    $name_space ||= '';
    
    # Get Model infomations
    unless ($model_infos) {

        # Load name space module
        croak qq{"$name_space" is invalid class name } . _subname
          if $name_space =~ /[^\w:]/;
        eval "use $name_space";
        croak qq{Name space module "$name_space.pm" is needed. $@ }
            . _subname
          if $@;
        
        # Search model modules
        my $path = $INC{"$name_space.pm"};
        $path =~ s/\.pm$//;
        opendir my $dh, $path
          or croak qq{Can't open directory "$path": $! } . _subname
        $model_infos = [];
        while (my $module = readdir $dh) {
            push @$model_infos, $module
              if $module =~ s/\.pm$//;
        }
        close $dh;
    }
    
    # Include models
    for my $model_info (@$model_infos) {
        
        # Load model
        my $model_class;
        my $model_name;
        my $model_table;
        if (ref $model_info eq 'HASH') {
            $model_class = $model_info->{class};
            $model_name  = $model_info->{name};
            $model_table = $model_info->{table};
            
            $model_name  ||= $model_class;
            $model_table ||= $model_name;
        }
        else { $model_class = $model_name = $model_table = $model_info }
        my $mclass = "${name_space}::$model_class";
        croak qq{"$mclass" is invalid class name } . _subname
          if $mclass =~ /[^\w:]/;
        unless ($mclass->can('isa')) {
            eval "use $mclass";
            croak "$@ " . _subname if $@;
        }
        
        # Create model
        my $opt = {};
        $opt->{model_class} = $mclass if $mclass;
        $opt->{name}        = $model_name if $model_name;
        $opt->{table}       = $model_table if $model_table;
        $self->create_model($opt);
    }
    
    return $self;
}

sub like_value { sub { "%$_[0]%" } }

sub mapper {
    my $self = shift;
    return DBIx::Custom::Mapper->new(@_);
}

sub merge_param {
    my ($self, @params) = @_;
    
    # Merge parameters
    my $merge = {};
    for my $param (@params) {
        for my $column (keys %$param) {
            my $param_is_array = ref $param->{$column} eq 'ARRAY' ? 1 : 0;
            
            if (exists $merge->{$column}) {
                $merge->{$column} = [$merge->{$column}]
                  unless ref $merge->{$column} eq 'ARRAY';
                push @{$merge->{$column}},
                  ref $param->{$column} ? @{$param->{$column}} : $param->{$column};
            }
            else {
                $merge->{$column} = $param->{$column};
            }
        }
    }
    
    return $merge;
}

sub model {
    my ($self, $name, $model) = @_;
    
    # Set model
    if ($model) {
        $self->models->{$name} = $model;
        return $self;
    }
    
    # Check model existance
    croak qq{Model "$name" is not included } . _subname
      unless $self->models->{$name};
    
    # Get model
    return $self->models->{$name};
}

sub mycolumn {
    my ($self, $table, $columns) = @_;
    
    # Create column clause
    my @column;
    $columns ||= [];
    push @column, $self->q($table) . "." . $self->q($_) .
      " as " . $self->q($_)
      for @$columns;
    
    return join (', ', @column);
}

sub new {
    my $self = shift->SUPER::new(@_);
    
    # Check attributes
    my @attrs = keys %$self;
    for my $attr (@attrs) {
        croak qq{Invalid attribute: "$attr" } . _subname
          unless $self->can($attr);
    }
    
    $self->{safety_character} = 'a-zA-Z0-9_'
      unless exists $self->{safety_character};

    # DEPRECATED
    $self->{_tags} = {
        '?'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::placeholder,
        '='     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::equal,
        '<>'    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::not_equal,
        '>'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::greater_than,
        '<'     => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::lower_than,
        '>='    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::greater_than_equal,
        '<='    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::lower_than_equal,
        'like'  => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::like,
        'in'    => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::in,
        'insert_param' => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::insert_param,
        'update_param' => \&DBIx::Custom::Tag::update_param
    };
    $self->{tag_parse} = 1 unless exists $self->{tag_parse};
    $self->{cache} = 0 unless exists $self->{cache};
    
    return $self;
}

sub not_exists { DBIx::Custom::NotExists->singleton }

sub order {
    my $self = shift;
    return DBIx::Custom::Order->new(dbi => $self, @_);
}

sub q {
    my ($self, $value, $quotemeta) = @_;
    
    my $quote = $self->{reserved_word_quote}
      || $self->{quote} || $self->quote || '';
    return "$quote$value$quote"
      if !$quotemeta && ($quote eq '`' || $quote eq '"');
    
    my $q = substr($quote, 0, 1) || '';
    my $p;
    if (defined $quote && length $quote > 1) {
        $p = substr($quote, 1, 1);
    }
    else { $p = $q }
    
    if ($quotemeta) {
        $q = quotemeta($q);
        $p = quotemeta($p);
    }
    
    return "$q$value$p";
}

sub register_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Register filter
    my $filters = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->filters({%{$self->filters}, %$filters});
    
    return $self;
}

sub select {
    my $self = shift;
    my $column = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %opt = @_;
    $opt{column} = $column if defined $column;

    # Options
    my $tables = ref $opt{table} eq 'ARRAY' ? $opt{table}
               : defined $opt{table} ? [$opt{table}]
               : [];
    $opt{table} = $tables;
    my $where_param = $opt{where_param} || delete $opt{param} || {};
    warn "select method where_param option is DEPRECATED!"
      if $opt{where_param};
    
    # Add relation tables(DEPRECATED!);
    if ($opt{relation}) {
        warn "select() relation option is DEPRECATED!";
        $self->_add_relation_table($tables, $opt{relation});
    }
    
    # Select statement
    my $sql = 'select ';
    
    # Prefix
    $sql .= "$opt{prefix} " if defined $opt{prefix};
    
    # Column
    if (defined $opt{column}) {
        my $columns
          = ref $opt{column} eq 'ARRAY' ? $opt{column} : [$opt{column}];
        for my $column (@$columns) {
            if (ref $column eq 'HASH') {
                $column = $self->column(%$column) if ref $column eq 'HASH';
            }
            elsif (ref $column eq 'ARRAY') {
                warn "select column option [COLUMN => ALIAS] syntax is DEPRECATED!" .
                  "use q method to quote the value";
                if (@$column == 3 && $column->[1] eq 'as') {
                    warn "[COLUMN, as => ALIAS] is DEPRECATED! use [COLUMN => ALIAS]";
                    splice @$column, 1, 1;
                }
                
                $column = join(' ', $column->[0], 'as', $self->q($column->[1]));
            }
            unshift @$tables, @{$self->_search_tables($column)};
            $sql .= "$column, ";
        }
        $sql =~ s/, $/ /;
    }
    else { $sql .= '* ' }
    
    # Table
    $sql .= 'from ';
    if ($opt{relation}) {
        my $found = {};
        for my $table (@$tables) {
            $sql .= $self->q($table) . ', ' unless $found->{$table};
            $found->{$table} = 1;
        }
    }
    else { $sql .= $self->q($tables->[-1] || '') . ' ' }
    $sql =~ s/, $/ /;
    croak "select method table option must be specified " . _subname
      unless defined $tables->[-1];

    # Add tables in parameter
    unshift @$tables,
            @{$self->_search_tables(join(' ', keys %$where_param) || '')};
    
    # Where
    my $w = $self->_where_clause_and_param($opt{where}, $where_param,
      delete $opt{id}, $opt{primary_key}, $tables->[-1]);
    
    # Add table names in where clause
    unshift @$tables, @{$self->_search_tables($w->{clause})};
    
    # Join statement
    $self->_push_join(\$sql, $opt{join}, $tables) if defined $opt{join};
    
    # Add where clause
    $sql .= "$w->{clause} ";
    
    # Relation(DEPRECATED!);
    $self->_push_relation(\$sql, $tables, $opt{relation}, $w->{clause} eq '' ? 1 : 0)
      if $opt{relation};
    
    # Execute query
    $opt{statement} = 'select';
    my $result = $self->execute($sql, $w->{param}, %opt);
    
    $result;
}

sub setup_model {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Setup model
    $self->each_column(
        sub {
            my ($self, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
            if (my $model = $self->models->{$table}) {
                push @{$model->columns}, $column;
            }
        }
    );
    return $self;
}

sub show_datatype {
    my ($self, $table) = @_;
    croak "Table name must be specified" unless defined $table;
    print "$table\n";
    
    my $result = $self->select(table => $table, where => "'0' <> '0'");
    my $sth = $result->sth;

    my $columns = $sth->{NAME};
    my $data_types = $sth->{TYPE};
    
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @$columns; $i++) {
        my $column = $columns->[$i];
        my $data_type = lc $data_types->[$i];
        print "$column: $data_type\n";
    }
}

sub show_typename {
    my ($self, $t) = @_;
    croak "Table name must be specified" unless defined $t;
    print "$t\n";
    
    $self->each_column(sub {
        my ($self, $table, $column, $infos) = @_;
        return unless $table eq $t;
        my $typename = lc $infos->{TYPE_NAME};
        print "$column: $typename\n";
    });
    
    return $self;
}

sub show_tables {
    my $self = shift;
    
    my %tables;
    $self->each_table(sub { $tables{$_[1]}++ });
    print join("\n", sort keys %tables) . "\n";
    return $self;
}

sub type_rule {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->{_type_rule_is_called} = 1;
    
    if (@_) {
        my $type_rule = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
        
        # Into
        for my $i (1 .. 2) {
            my $into = "into$i";
            my $exists_into = exists $type_rule->{$into};
            $type_rule->{$into} = _array_to_hash($type_rule->{$into});
            $self->{type_rule} = $type_rule;
            $self->{"_$into"} = {};
            for my $type_name (keys %{$type_rule->{$into} || {}}) {
                croak qq{type name of $into section must be lower case}
                  if $type_name =~ /[A-Z]/;
            }
            
            $self->each_column(sub {
                my ($dbi, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
                
                my $type_name = lc $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};
                if ($type_rule->{$into} &&
                    (my $filter = $type_rule->{$into}->{$type_name}))
                {
                    return unless exists $type_rule->{$into}->{$type_name};
                    if  (defined $filter && ref $filter ne 'CODE') 
                    {
                        my $fname = $filter;
                        croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered" } . _subname
                          unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
                        
                        $filter = $self->filters->{$fname};
                    }

                    $self->{"_$into"}{key}{$table}{$column} = $filter;
                    $self->{"_$into"}{dot}{"$table.$column"} = $filter;
                }
            });
        }

        # From
        for my $i (1 .. 2) {
            $type_rule->{"from$i"} = _array_to_hash($type_rule->{"from$i"});
            for my $data_type (keys %{$type_rule->{"from$i"} || {}}) {
                croak qq{data type of from$i section must be lower case or number}
                  if $data_type =~ /[A-Z]/;
                my $fname = $type_rule->{"from$i"}{$data_type};
                if (defined $fname && ref $fname ne 'CODE') {
                    croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered" } . _subname
                      unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
                    
                    $type_rule->{"from$i"}{$data_type} = $self->filters->{$fname};
                }
            }
        }
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{type_rule} || {};
}

sub update {
    my $self = shift;

    # Options
    my $param = @_ % 2 ? shift : undef;
    my %opt = @_;
    warn "update param option is DEPRECATED!" if $opt{param};
    warn "update method where_param option is DEPRECATED!"
      if $opt{where_param};
    $param ||= $opt{param} || {};
    
    # Don't allow update all rows
    croak qq{update method where option must be specified } . _subname
      if !$opt{where} && !defined $opt{id} && !$opt{allow_update_all};
    
    # Timestamp(DEPRECATED!)
    if ($opt{timestamp} && (my $update_timestamp = $self->update_timestamp)) {
        warn "update timestamp option is DEPRECATED! use updated_at and now method";
        my $columns = $update_timestamp->[0];
        $columns = [$columns] unless ref $columns eq 'ARRAY';
        my $value = $update_timestamp->[1];
        $value = $value->() if ref $value eq 'CODE';
        $param->{$_} = $value for @$columns;
    }

    # Created time and updated time
    my @timestamp_cleanup;
    if (defined $opt{updated_at}) {
        my $now = $self->now;
        $now = $now->() if ref $now eq 'CODE';
        $param->{$opt{updated_at}} = $self->now->();
        push @timestamp_cleanup, $opt{updated_at};
    }

    # Assign clause
    my $assign_clause = $self->assign_clause($param, {wrap => $opt{wrap}});
    
    # Where
    my $w = $self->_where_clause_and_param($opt{where}, $opt{where_param},
      delete $opt{id}, $opt{primary_key}, $opt{table});
    
    # Update statement
    my $sql = "update ";
    $sql .= "$opt{prefix} " if defined $opt{prefix};
    $sql .= $self->q($opt{table}) . " set $assign_clause $w->{clause} ";
    
    # Execute query
    $opt{statement} = 'update';
    $opt{cleanup} = \@timestamp_cleanup;
    $self->execute($sql, [$param, $w->{param}], %opt);
}

sub update_all { shift->update(@_, allow_update_all => 1) };

sub update_or_insert {
    my ($self, $param, %opt) = @_;
    croak "update_or_insert method need primary_key and id option "
      unless defined $opt{id} && defined $opt{primary_key};
    my $statement_opt = $opt{option} || {};

    my $rows = $self->select(%opt, %{$statement_opt->{select} || {}})->all;
    if (@$rows == 0) {
        return $self->insert($param, %opt, %{$statement_opt->{insert} || {}});
    }
    elsif (@$rows == 1) {
        return 0 unless keys %$param;
        return $self->update($param, %opt, %{$statement_opt->{update} || {}});
    }
    else {
        croak "selected row must be one " . _subname;
    }
}

sub update_timestamp {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "update_timestamp method is DEPRECATED! use now method";
    
    if (@_) {
        $self->{update_timestamp} = [@_];
        
        return $self;
    }
    return $self->{update_timestamp};
}

sub values_clause {
    my ($self, $param, $opts) = @_;
    
    my $wrap = $opts->{wrap} || {};
    
    # Create insert parameter tag
    my ($q, $p) = split //, $self->q('');
    
    # values clause(performance is important)
    '(' .
    join(
      ', ',
      map { "$q$_$p" } sort keys %$param
    ) .
    ') values (' .
    join(
      ', ',
      map {
          ref $param->{$_} eq 'SCALAR' ? ${$param->{$_}} :
          $wrap->{$_} ? $wrap->{$_}->(":$_") :
          ":$_";
      } sort keys %$param
    ) .
    ')'
}

sub _multi_values_clause {
    my ($self, $params, $opts) = @_;
    
    my $wrap = $opts->{wrap} || {};
    
    # Create insert parameter tag
    my ($q, $p) = split //, $self->q('');
    
    # Multi values clause
    my $clause = '(' . join(', ', map { "$q$_$p" } sort keys %{$params->[0]}) . ') values ';
    
    for (1 .. @$params) {
        $clause .= '(' . join(', ', 
          map {
              ref $params->[0]->{$_} eq 'SCALAR' ? ${$params->[0]->{$_}} :
              $wrap->{$_} ? $wrap->{$_}->(":$_") :
              ":$_";
          } sort keys %{$params->[0]}
        ) . '), '
    }
    $clause =~ s/, $//;
    return $clause;
}

sub where { DBIx::Custom::Where->new(dbi => shift, @_) }

sub _create_query {
    
    my ($self, $source, $after_build_sql) = @_;
    
    # Cache
    my $cache = $self->{cache};
    
    # Query
    my $query;
    
    # Get cached query
    if ($cache) {
        
        # Get query
        my $q = $self->cache_method->($self, $source);
        
        # Create query
        if ($q) {
            $query = DBIx::Custom::Query->new($q);
            $query->{filters} = $self->filters;
        }
    }
    
    # Create query
    unless ($query) {

        # Create query
        my $tag_parse = exists $ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_TAG_PARSE}
          ? $ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_TAG_PARSE} : $self->{tag_parse};

        my $sql = " " . $source || '';
        if ($tag_parse && ($sql =~ /\s\{/)) {
            $query = $self->query_builder->build_query($sql);
        }
        else {
            my @columns;
            my $c = $self->{safety_character};
            my $re = $c eq 'a-zA-Z0-9_'
              ? qr/(.*?[^\\]):([$c\.]+)(?:\{(.*?)\})?(.*)/so
              : qr/(.*?[^\\]):([$c\.]+)(?:\{(.*?)\})?(.*)/s;
            my %duplicate;
            my $duplicate;
            # Parameter regex
            $sql =~ s/([0-9]):/$1\\:/g;
            my $new_sql = '';
            while ($sql =~ /$re/) {
                push @columns, $2;
                $duplicate = 1 if ++$duplicate{$columns[-1]} > 1;
                ($new_sql, $sql) = defined $3 ?
                  ($new_sql . "$1$2 $3 ?", " $4") : ($new_sql . "$1?", " $4");
            }
            $new_sql .= $sql;
            $new_sql =~ s/\\:/:/g if index($new_sql, "\\:") != -1;

            # Create query
            $query = {sql => $new_sql, columns => \@columns, duplicate => $duplicate};
        }
        
        # Save query to cache
        $self->cache_method->(
            $self, $source,
            {
                sql     => $query->{sql}, 
                columns => $query->{columns},
                tables  => $query->{tables} || []
            }
        ) if $cache;
    }

    # Filter SQL
    $query->{sql} = $after_build_sql->($query->{sql}) if $after_build_sql;
    
    # Save sql
    $self->{last_sql} = $query->{sql};
    
    # Prepare statement handle
    my $sth;
    eval { $sth = $self->dbh->prepare($query->{sql}) };
    
    if ($@) {
        $self->_croak($@, qq{. Following SQL is executed.\n}
                        . qq{$query->{sql}\n} . _subname);
    }
    
    # Set statement handle
    $query->{sth} = $sth;
    
    # Set filters
    $query->{filters} = $self->{filters} || $self->filters;
    
    return $query;
}

sub _create_bind_values {
    my ($self, $params, $columns, $filter, $type_filters, $bind_type) = @_;
    
    $bind_type = _array_to_hash($bind_type) if ref $bind_type eq 'ARRAY';
    
    # Create bind values
    my @bind;
    my @types;
    my %count;
    my %not_exists;
    for my $column (@$columns) {
        
        # Bind value
        if(ref $params->{$column} eq 'ARRAY') {
            my $i = $count{$column} || 0;
            $i += $not_exists{$column} || 0;
            my $found;
            for (my $k = $i; $i < @{$params->{$column}}; $k++) {
                if (ref $params->{$column}->[$k] eq 'DBIx::Custom::NotExists') {
                    $not_exists{$column}++;
                }
                else  {
                    push @bind, $params->{$column}->[$k];
                    $found = 1;
                    last
                }
            }
            next unless $found;
        }
        else { push @bind, $params->{$column} }
        
        # Filter
        if (my $f = $filter->{$column} || $self->{default_out_filter} || '') {
            $bind[-1] = $f->($bind[-1]);
        }
        
        # Type rule
        if ($self->{_type_rule_is_called}) {
            my $tf1 = $self->{"_into1"}->{dot}->{$column}
              || $type_filters->{1}->{$column};
            $bind[-1] = $tf1->($bind[-1]) if $tf1;
            my $tf2 = $self->{"_into2"}->{dot}->{$column}
              || $type_filters->{2}->{$column};
            $bind[-1] = $tf2->($bind[-1]) if $tf2;
        }
       
        # Bind types
        push @types, $bind_type->{$column};
        
        # Count up 
        $count{$column}++;
    }
    
    return (\@bind, \@types);
}

sub _id_to_param {
    my ($self, $id, $primary_keys, $table) = @_;
    
    # Check primary key
    croak "primary_key option " .
          "must be specified when id option is used" . _subname
      unless defined $primary_keys;
    $primary_keys = [$primary_keys] unless ref $primary_keys eq 'ARRAY';
    
    # Create parameter
    my $param = {};
    if (defined $id) {
        $id = [$id] unless ref $id;
        for(my $i = 0; $i < @$id; $i++) {
           my $key = $primary_keys->[$i];
           $key = "$table." . $key if $table;
           $param->{$key} = $id->[$i];
        }
    }
    
    return $param;
}

sub _connect {
    my $self = shift;
    
    # Attributes
    my $dsn = $self->data_source;
    warn "data_source is DEPRECATED!\n"
      if $dsn;
    $dsn ||= $self->dsn;
    croak qq{"dsn" must be specified } . _subname
      unless $dsn;
    my $user        = $self->user;
    my $password    = $self->password;
    my $option = $self->_option;
    $option = {%{$self->default_option}, %$option};
    
    # Connect
    my $dbh;
    eval {
        $dbh = DBI->connect(
            $dsn,
            $user,
            $password,
            $option
        );
    };
    
    # Connect error
    croak "$@ " . _subname if $@;
    
    return $dbh;
}

sub _croak {
    my ($self, $error, $append) = @_;
    
    # Append
    $append ||= "";
    
    # Verbose
    if ($Carp::Verbose) { croak $error }
    
    # Not verbose
    else {
        
        # Remove line and module infromation
        my $at_pos = rindex($error, ' at ');
        $error = substr($error, 0, $at_pos);
        $error =~ s/\s+$//;
        croak "$error$append";
    }
}

sub _driver { lc shift->{dbh}->{Driver}->{Name} }

sub _need_tables {
    my ($self, $tree, $need_tables, $tables) = @_;
    
    # Get needed tables
    for my $table (@$tables) {
        if ($tree->{$table}) {
            $need_tables->{$table} = 1;
            $self->_need_tables($tree, $need_tables, [$tree->{$table}{parent}])
        }
    }
}

sub _option {
    my $self = shift;
    my $option = {%{$self->dbi_options}, %{$self->dbi_option}, %{$self->option}};
    warn "dbi_options is DEPRECATED! use option instead\n"
      if keys %{$self->dbi_options};
    warn "dbi_option is DEPRECATED! use option instead\n"
      if keys %{$self->dbi_option};
    return $option;
}

sub _push_join {
    my ($self, $sql, $join, $join_tables) = @_;
    
    $join = [$join] unless ref $join eq 'ARRAY';
    
    # No join
    return unless @$join;
    
    # Push join clause
    my $tree = {};
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @$join; $i++) {
        
        # Arrange
        my $join_clause;;
        my $option;
        if (ref $join->[$i] eq 'HASH') {
            $join_clause = $join->[$i]->{clause};
            $option = {table => $join->[$i]->{table}};
        }
        else {
            $join_clause = $join->[$i];
            $option = {};
        };

        # Find tables in join clause
        my $table1;
        my $table2;
        if (my $table = $option->{table}) {
            $table1 = $table->[0];
            $table2 = $table->[1];
        }
        else {
            my $q = $self->_quote;
            my $j_clause = (split /\s+on\s+/, $join_clause)[-1];
            $j_clause =~ s/'.+?'//g;
            my $q_re = quotemeta($q);
            $j_clause =~ s/[$q_re]//g;
            
            my @j_clauses = reverse split /\s(and|on)\s/, $j_clause;
            my $c = $self->{safety_character};
            my $join_re = qr/([$c]+)\.[$c]+[^$c].*?([$c]+)\.[$c]+/sm;
            for my $clause (@j_clauses) {
                if ($clause =~ $join_re) {
                    $table1 = $1;
                    $table2 = $2;
                    last;
                }                
            }
        }
        croak qq{join clause must have two table name after "on" keyword. } .
              qq{"$join_clause" is passed }  . _subname
          unless defined $table1 && defined $table2;
        croak qq{right side table of "$join_clause" must be unique }
            . _subname
          if exists $tree->{$table2};
        croak qq{Same table "$table1" is specified} . _subname
          if $table1 eq $table2;
        $tree->{$table2}
          = {position => $i, parent => $table1, join => $join_clause};
    }
    
    # Search need tables
    my $need_tables = {};
    $self->_need_tables($tree, $need_tables, $join_tables);
    my @need_tables = sort { $tree->{$a}{position} <=> $tree->{$b}{position} }
      keys %$need_tables;
    
    # Add join clause
    $$sql .= $tree->{$_}{join} . ' ' for @need_tables;
}

sub _quote {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->{reserved_word_quote} || $self->quote || '';
}

sub _remove_duplicate_table {
    my ($self, $tables, $main_table) = @_;
    
    # Remove duplicate table
    my %tables = map {defined $_ ? ($_ => 1) : ()} @$tables;
    delete $tables{$main_table} if $main_table;
    
    my $new_tables = [keys %tables, $main_table ? $main_table : ()];
    if (my $q = $self->_quote) {
        $q = quotemeta($q);
        $_ =~ s/[$q]//g for @$new_tables;
    }

    return $new_tables;
}

sub _search_tables {
    my ($self, $source) = @_;
    
    # Search tables
    my $tables = [];
    my $safety_character = $self->{safety_character};
    my $q = $self->_quote;
    my $quoted_safety_character_re = $self->q("?([$safety_character]+)", 1);
    my $table_re = $q ? qr/(?:^|[^$safety_character])${quoted_safety_character_re}?\./
                      : qr/(?:^|[^$safety_character])([$safety_character]+)\./;
    while ($source =~ /$table_re/g) {
        push @$tables, $1;
    }
    
    return $tables;
}

sub _where_clause_and_param {
    my ($self, $where, $where_param, $id, $primary_key, $table) = @_;

    $where ||= {};
    $where = $self->_id_to_param($id, $primary_key, $table) if defined $id;
    $where_param ||= {};
    my $w = {};
    my $where_clause = '';

    my $obj;
    
    if (ref $where) {
        if (ref $where eq 'HASH') {
            my $clause = ['and'];
            my $column_join = '';
            for my $column (keys %$where) {
                $column_join .= $column;
                my $table;
                my $c;
                if ($column =~ /(?:(.*?)\.)?(.*)/) {
                    $table = $1;
                    $c = $2;
                }
                
                my $table_quote;
                $table_quote = $self->q($table) if defined $table;
                my $column_quote = $self->q($c);
                $column_quote = $table_quote . '.' . $column_quote
                  if defined $table_quote;
                push @$clause, "$column_quote = :$column";
            }

            # Check unsafety column
            my $safety = $self->{safety_character};
            unless ($column_join =~ /^[$safety\.]+$/) {
                for my $column (keys %$where) {
                    croak qq{"$column" is not safety column name } . _subname
                      unless $column =~ /^[$safety\.]+$/;
                }
            }
            
            $obj = $self->where(clause => $clause, param => $where);
        }
        elsif (ref $where eq 'DBIx::Custom::Where') { $obj = $where }
        elsif (ref $where eq 'ARRAY') {
            $obj = $self->where(clause => $where->[0], param => $where->[1]);
        }
        
        # Check where argument
        croak qq{"where" must be hash reference or DBIx::Custom::Where object}
            . qq{or array reference, which contains where clause and parameter}
            . _subname
          unless ref $obj eq 'DBIx::Custom::Where';

        $w->{param} = keys %$where_param
                    ? $self->merge_param($where_param, $obj->param)
                    : $obj->param;
        $w->{clause} = $obj->to_string;
    }
    elsif ($where) {
        $w->{clause} = "where $where";
        $w->{param} = $where_param;
    }
    
    return $w;
}

sub _apply_filter {
    my ($self, $table, @cinfos) = @_;

    # Initialize filters
    $self->{filter} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{on} = 1;
    $self->{filter}{out} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{in} ||= {};
    $self->{filter}{end} ||= {};
    
    # Usage
    my $usage = "Usage: \$dbi->apply_filter(" .
                "TABLE, COLUMN1, {in => INFILTER1, out => OUTFILTER1, end => ENDFILTER1}, " .
                "COLUMN2, {in => INFILTER2, out => OUTFILTER2, end => ENDFILTER2}, ...)";
    
    # Apply filter
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @cinfos; $i += 2) {
        
        # Column
        my $column = $cinfos[$i];
        if (ref $column eq 'ARRAY') {
            for my $c (@$column) {
                push @cinfos, $c, $cinfos[$i + 1];
            }
            next;
        }
        
        # Filter infomation
        my $finfo = $cinfos[$i + 1] || {};
        croak "$usage (table: $table) " . _subname
          unless  ref $finfo eq 'HASH';
        for my $ftype (keys %$finfo) {
            croak "$usage (table: $table) " . _subname
              unless $ftype eq 'in' || $ftype eq 'out' || $ftype eq 'end'; 
        }
        
        # Set filters
        for my $way (qw/in out end/) {
        
            # Filter
            my $filter = $finfo->{$way};
            
            # Filter state
            my $state = !exists $finfo->{$way} ? 'not_exists'
                      : !defined $filter        ? 'not_defined'
                      : ref $filter eq 'CODE'   ? 'code'
                      : 'name';
            
            # Filter is not exists
            next if $state eq 'not_exists';
            
            # Check filter name
            croak qq{Filter "$filter" is not registered } . _subname
              if  $state eq 'name'
               && ! exists $self->filters->{$filter};
            
            # Set filter
            my $f = $state eq 'not_defined' ? undef
                  : $state eq 'code'        ? $filter
                  : $self->filters->{$filter};
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{$column} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"$table.$column"} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"${table}__$column"} = $f;
            $self->{filter}{$way}{$table}{"${table}-$column"} = $f;
        }
    }
    
    return $self;
}

# DEPRECATED!
has 'data_source';
has dbi_options => sub { {} };
has filter_check  => 1;
has 'reserved_word_quote';
has dbi_option => sub { {} };
has default_dbi_option => sub {
    warn "default_dbi_option is DEPRECATED! use default_option instead";
    return shift->default_option;
};

# DEPRECATED
sub tag_parse {
   my $self = shift;
   warn "tag_parse is DEPRECATED! use \$ENV{DBIX_CUSTOM_TAG_PARSE} " .
         "environment variable";
    if (@_) {
        $self->{tag_parse} = $_[0];
        return $self;
    }
    return $self->{tag_parse};
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub method {
    warn "method is DEPRECATED! use helper instead";
    return shift->helper(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub assign_param {
    my $self = shift;
    warn "assing_param is DEPRECATED! use assign_clause instead";
    return $self->assign_clause(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED
sub update_param {
    my ($self, $param, $opts) = @_;
    
    warn "update_param is DEPRECATED! use assign_clause instead.";
    
    # Create update parameter tag
    my $tag = $self->assign_clause($param, $opts);
    $tag = "set $tag" unless $opts->{no_set};

    return $tag;
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub create_query {
    warn "create_query is DEPRECATED! use query option of each method";
    shift->_create_query(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub apply_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "apply_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    return $self->_apply_filter(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub select_at {
    my ($self, %opt) = @_;

    warn "select_at is DEPRECATED! use select method id option instead";

    # Options
    my $primary_keys = delete $opt{primary_key};
    my $where = delete $opt{where};
    my $param = delete $opt{param};
    
    # Table
    croak qq{"table" option must be specified } . _subname
      unless $opt{table};
    my $table = ref $opt{table} ? $opt{table}->[-1] : $opt{table};
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_id_to_param($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->select(where => $where_param, %opt);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub delete_at {
    my ($self, %opt) = @_;

    warn "delete_at is DEPRECATED! use delete method id option instead";
    
    # Options
    my $primary_keys = delete $opt{primary_key};
    my $where = delete $opt{where};
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_id_to_param($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->delete(where => $where_param, %opt);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub update_at {
    my $self = shift;

    warn "update_at is DEPRECATED! use update method id option instead";
    
    # Options
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %opt = @_;
    my $primary_keys = delete $opt{primary_key};
    my $where = delete $opt{where};
    my $p = delete $opt{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_id_to_param($where, $primary_keys);
    
    return $self->update(where => $where_param, param => $param, %opt);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub insert_at {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "insert_at is DEPRECATED! use insert method id option instead";
    
    # Options
    my $param;
    $param = shift if @_ % 2;
    my %opt = @_;
    my $primary_key = delete $opt{primary_key};
    $primary_key = [$primary_key] unless ref $primary_key;
    my $where = delete $opt{where};
    my $p = delete $opt{param} || {};
    $param  ||= $p;
    
    # Create where parameter
    my $where_param = $self->_id_to_param($where, $primary_key);
    $param = $self->merge_param($where_param, $param);
    
    return $self->insert(param => $param, %opt);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub register_tag {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "register_tag is DEPRECATED!";
    
    # Merge tag
    my $tags = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->{_tags} = {%{$self->{_tags} || {}}, %$tags};
    
    return $self;
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub register_tag_processor {
    my $self = shift;
    warn "register_tag_processor is DEPRECATED!";
    # Merge tag
    my $tag_processors = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : {@_};
    $self->{_tags} = {%{$self->{_tags} || {}}, %{$tag_processors}};
    return $self;
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub default_bind_filter {
    my $self = shift;
    
    warn "default_bind_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    
    if (@_) {
        my $fname = $_[0];
        
        if (@_ && !$fname) {
            $self->{default_out_filter} = undef;
        }
        else {
            croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered}
              unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
        
            $self->{default_out_filter} = $self->filters->{$fname};
        }
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{default_out_filter};
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub default_fetch_filter {
    my $self = shift;

    warn "default_fetch_filter is DEPRECATED!";
    
    if (@_) {
        my $fname = $_[0];

        if (@_ && !$fname) {
            $self->{default_in_filter} = undef;
        }
        else {
            croak qq{Filter "$fname" is not registered}
              unless exists $self->filters->{$fname};
        
            $self->{default_in_filter} = $self->filters->{$fname};
        }
        
        return $self;
    }
    
    return $self->{default_in_filter};
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub insert_param {
    my $self = shift;
    warn "insert_param is DEPRECATED! use values_clause instead";
    return $self->values_clause(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub insert_param_tag {
    warn "insert_param_tag is DEPRECATED! " .
         "use insert_param instead!";
    return shift->insert_param(@_);
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub update_param_tag {
    warn "update_param_tag is DEPRECATED! " .
         "use update_param instead";
    return shift->update_param(@_);
}
# DEPRECATED!
sub _push_relation {
    my ($self, $sql, $tables, $relation, $need_where) = @_;
    
    if (keys %{$relation || {}}) {
        $$sql .= $need_where ? 'where ' : 'and ';
        for my $rcolumn (keys %$relation) {
            my $table1 = (split (/\./, $rcolumn))[0];
            my $table2 = (split (/\./, $relation->{$rcolumn}))[0];
            push @$tables, ($table1, $table2);
            $$sql .= "$rcolumn = " . $relation->{$rcolumn} .  'and ';
        }
    }
    $$sql =~ s/and $/ /;
}

# DEPRECATED!
sub _add_relation_table {
    my ($self, $tables, $relation) = @_;
    
    if (keys %{$relation || {}}) {
        for my $rcolumn (keys %$relation) {
            my $table1 = (split (/\./, $rcolumn))[0];
            my $table2 = (split (/\./, $relation->{$rcolumn}))[0];
            my $table1_exists;
            my $table2_exists;
            for my $table (@$tables) {
                $table1_exists = 1 if $table eq $table1;
                $table2_exists = 1 if $table eq $table2;
            }
            unshift @$tables, $table1 unless $table1_exists;
            unshift @$tables, $table2 unless $table2_exists;
        }
    }
}

1;

=head1 NAME

DBIx::Custom - DBI extension to execute insert, update, delete, and select easily

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use DBIx::Custom;
    
    # Connect
    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

    # Insert 
    $dbi->insert({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book');
    
    # Update 
    $dbi->update({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book',
      where  => {id => 5});
    
    # Delete
    $dbi->delete(table  => 'book', where => {author => 'Ken'});

    # Select
    my $result = $dbi->select(table  => 'book',
      column => ['title', 'author'], where  => {author => 'Ken'});

    # Select, more complex
    my $result = $dbi->select(
        table  => 'book',
        column => [
            {book => [qw/title author/]},
            {company => ['name']}
        ],
        where  => {'book.author' => 'Ken'},
        join => ['left outer join company on book.company_id = company.id'],
        append => 'order by id limit 5'
    );
    
    # Fetch
    while (my $row = $result->fetch) {
        
    }
    
    # Fetch as hash
    while (my $row = $result->fetch_hash) {
        
    }
    
    # Execute SQL with parameter.
    $dbi->execute(
        "select id from book where author = :author and title like :title",
        {author => 'ken', title => '%Perl%'}
    );
    
=head1 DESCRIPTION

L<DBIx::Custom> is L<DBI> wrapper module to execute SQL easily.
This module have the following features.

=over 4

=item *

Execute C<insert>, C<update>, C<delete>, or C<select> statement easily

=item *

Create C<where> clause flexibly

=item *

Named place holder support

=item *

Model support

=item *

Connection manager support

=item *

Choice your favorite relational database management system,
C<MySQL>, C<SQLite>, C<PostgreSQL>, C<Oracle>,
C<Microsoft SQL Server>, C<Microsoft Access>, C<DB2> or anything, 

=item *

Filtering by data type or column name

=item *

Create C<order by> clause flexibly

=back

=head1 DOCUMENTATION

L<DBIx::Custom::Guide> - How to use L<DBIx::Custom>

L<DBIx::Custom Wiki|https://github.com/yuki-kimoto/DBIx-Custom/wiki>
- Theare are various examples.

Module documentations - 
L<DBIx::Custom::Result>,
L<DBIx::Custom::Query>,
L<DBIx::Custom::Where>,
L<DBIx::Custom::Model>,
L<DBIx::Custom::Order>

=head1 ATTRIBUTES

=head2 C<connector>

    my $connector = $dbi->connector;
    $dbi = $dbi->connector($connector);

Connection manager object. if C<connector> is set, you can get C<dbh>
through connection manager. Conection manager object must have C<dbh> mehtod.

This is L<DBIx::Connector> example. Please pass
C<default_option> to L<DBIx::Connector> C<new> method.

    my $connector = DBIx::Connector->new(
        "dbi:mysql:database=$database",
        $user,
        $password,
        DBIx::Custom->new->default_option
    );
    
    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(connector => $connector);

If C<connector> is set to 1 when connect method is called,
L<DBIx::Connector> is automatically set to C<connector>

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(
      dsn => $dsn, user => $user, password => $password, connector => 1);
    
    my $connector = $dbi->connector; # DBIx::Connector

Note that L<DBIx::Connector> must be installed.

=head2 C<dsn>

    my $dsn = $dbi->dsn;
    $dbi = $dbi->dsn("DBI:mysql:database=dbname");

Data source name, used when C<connect> method is executed.

=head2 C<default_option>

    my $default_option = $dbi->default_option;
    $dbi = $dbi->default_option($default_option);

L<DBI> default option, used when C<connect> method is executed,
default to the following values.

    {
        RaiseError => 1,
        PrintError => 0,
        AutoCommit => 1,
    }

=head2 C<exclude_table>

    my $exclude_table = $dbi->exclude_table;
    $dbi = $dbi->exclude_table(qr/pg_/);

Excluded table regex.
C<each_column>, C<each_table>, C<type_rule>,
and C<setup_model> methods ignore matching tables.

=head2 C<filters>

    my $filters = $dbi->filters;
    $dbi = $dbi->filters(\%filters);

Filters, registered by C<register_filter> method.

=head2 C<last_sql>

    my $last_sql = $dbi->last_sql;
    $dbi = $dbi->last_sql($last_sql);

Get last successed SQL executed by C<execute> method.

=head2 C<now>

    my $now = $dbi->now;
    $dbi = $dbi->now($now);

Code reference which return current time, default to the following code reference.

    sub {
        my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year) = localtime;
        $mon++;
        $year += 1900;
        return sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d");
    }

This return the time like C<2011-10-14 05:05:27>.

This is used by C<insert> method's C<created_at> option and C<updated_at> option,
and C<update> method's C<updated_at> option.

=head2 C<models>

    my $models = $dbi->models;
    $dbi = $dbi->models(\%models);

Models, included by C<include_model> method.

=head2 C<option>

    my $option = $dbi->option;
    $dbi = $dbi->option($option);

L<DBI> option, used when C<connect> method is executed.
Each value in option override the value of C<default_option>.

=head2 C<password>

    my $password = $dbi->password;
    $dbi = $dbi->password('lkj&le`@s');

Password, used when C<connect> method is executed.

=head2 C<query_builder>

    my $builder = $dbi->query_builder;

Creat query builder. This is L<DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder>.

=head2 C<quote>

     my quote = $dbi->quote;
     $dbi = $dbi->quote('"');

Reserved word quote.
Default to double quote '"' except for mysql.
In mysql, default to back quote '`'

You can set quote pair.

    $dbi->quote('[]');

=head2 C<result_class>

    my $result_class = $dbi->result_class;
    $dbi = $dbi->result_class('DBIx::Custom::Result');

Result class, default to L<DBIx::Custom::Result>.

=head2 C<safety_character>

    my $safety_character = $dbi->safety_character;
    $dbi = $dbi->safety_character($character);

Regex of safety character for table and column name, default to '\w'.
Note that you don't have to specify like '[\w]'.

=head2 C<separator>

    my $separator = $dbi->separator;
    $dbi = $dbi->separator('-');

Separator which join table name and column name.
This have effect to C<column> and C<mycolumn> method,
and C<select> method's column option.

Default to C<.>.

=head2 C<tag_parse>

    my $tag_parse = $dbi->tag_parse(0);
    $dbi = $dbi->tag_parse;

Enable DEPRECATED tag parsing functionality, default to 1.
If you want to disable tag parsing functionality, set to 0.

=head2 C<user>

    my $user = $dbi->user;
    $dbi = $dbi->user('Ken');

User name, used when C<connect> method is executed.

=head2 C<user_column_info>

    my $user_column_info = $dbi->user_column_info;
    $dbi = $dbi->user_column_info($user_column_info);

You can set the date like the following one.

    [
        {table => 'book', column => 'title', info => {...}},
        {table => 'author', column => 'name', info => {...}}
    ]

Usually, you set return value of C<get_column_info>.

    my $user_column_info
      = $dbi->get_column_info(exclude_table => qr/^system/);
    $dbi->user_column_info($user_column_info);

If C<user_column_info> is set, C<each_column> use C<user_column_info>
to find column info. this is very fast.

=head2 C<user_table_info>

    my $user_table_info = $dbi->user_table_info;
    $dbi = $dbi->user_table_info($user_table_info);

You can set the following data.

    [
        {table => 'book', info => {...}},
        {table => 'author', info => {...}}
    ]

Usually, you can set return value of C<get_table_info>.

    my $user_table_info = $dbi->get_table_info(exclude => qr/^system/);
    $dbi->user_table_info($user_table_info);

If C<user_table_info> is set, C<each_table> use C<user_table_info>
to find table info.

=head1 METHODS

L<DBIx::Custom> inherits all methods from L<Object::Simple>
and use all methods of L<DBI>
and implements the following new ones.

=head2 C<available_datatype>

    print $dbi->available_datatype;

Get available data types. You can use these data types
in C<type rule>'s C<from1> and C<from2> section.

=head2 C<available_typename>

    print $dbi->available_typename;

Get available type names. You can use these type names in
C<type_rule>'s C<into1> and C<into2> section.

=head2 C<assign_clause>

    my $assign_clause = $dbi->assign_clause({title => 'a', age => 2});

Create assign clause

    title = :title, author = :author

This is used to create update clause.

    "update book set " . $dbi->assign_clause({title => 'a', age => 2});

=head2 C<column>

    my $column = $dbi->column(book => ['author', 'title']);

Create column clause. The follwoing column clause is created.

    book.author as "book.author",
    book.title as "book.title"

You can change separator by C<separator> attribute.

    # Separator is hyphen
    $dbi->separator('-');
    
    book.author as "book-author",
    book.title as "book-title"
    
=head2 C<connect>

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->connect(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

Connect to the database and create a new L<DBIx::Custom> object.

L<DBIx::Custom> is a wrapper of L<DBI>.
C<AutoCommit> and C<RaiseError> options are true, 
and C<PrintError> option is false by default.

=head2 C<count>

    my $count = $dbi->count(table => 'book');

Get rows count.

Options is same as C<select> method's ones.

=head2 C<create_model>

    my $model = $dbi->create_model(
        table => 'book',
        primary_key => 'id',
        join => [
            'inner join company on book.comparny_id = company.id'
        ],
    );

Create L<DBIx::Custom::Model> object and initialize model.
the module is also used from C<model> method.

   $dbi->model('book')->select(...);

=head2 C<dbh>

    my $dbh = $dbi->dbh;

Get L<DBI> database handle. if C<connector> is set, you can get
database handle through C<connector> object.

=head2 C<delete>

    $dbi->delete(table => 'book', where => {title => 'Perl'});

Execute delete statement.

The following opitons are available.

B<OPTIONS>

C<delete> method use all of C<execute> method's options,
and use the following new ones.

=over 4

=item C<id>

    id => 4
    id => [4, 5]

ID corresponding to C<primary_key>.
You can delete rows by C<id> and C<primary_key>.

    $dbi->delete(
        primary_key => ['id1', 'id2'],
        id => [4, 5],
        table => 'book',
    );

The above is same as the followin one.

    $dbi->delete(where => {id1 => 4, id2 => 5}, table => 'book');

=item C<prefix>

    prefix => 'some'

prefix before table name section.

    delete some from book

=item C<table>

    table => 'book'

Table name.

=item C<where>

Same as C<select> method's C<where> option.

=back

=head2 C<delete_all>

    $dbi->delete_all(table => $table);

Execute delete statement for all rows.
Options is same as C<delete>.

=head2 C<each_column>

    $dbi->each_column(
        sub {
            my ($dbi, $table, $column, $column_info) = @_;
            
            my $type = $column_info->{TYPE_NAME};
            
            if ($type eq 'DATE') {
                # ...
            }
        }
    );

Iterate all column informations in database.
Argument is callback which is executed when one column is found.
Callback receive four arguments. C<DBIx::Custom object>, C<table name>,
C<column name>, and C<column information>.

If C<user_column_info> is set, C<each_column> method use C<user_column_info>
infromation, you can improve the performance of C<each_column> in
the following way.

    my $column_infos = $dbi->get_column_info(exclude_table => qr/^system_/);
    $dbi->user_column_info($column_info);
    $dbi->each_column(sub { ... });

=head2 C<each_table>

    $dbi->each_table(
        sub {
            my ($dbi, $table, $table_info) = @_;
            
            my $table_name = $table_info->{TABLE_NAME};
        }
    );

Iterate all table informationsfrom in database.
Argument is callback which is executed when one table is found.
Callback receive three arguments, C<DBIx::Custom object>, C<table name>,
C<table information>.

If C<user_table_info> is set, C<each_table> method use C<user_table_info>
infromation, you can improve the performance of C<each_table> in
the following way.

    my $table_infos = $dbi->get_table_info(exclude => qr/^system_/);
    $dbi->user_table_info($table_info);
    $dbi->each_table(sub { ... });

=head2 C<execute>

    my $result = $dbi->execute(
      "select * from book where title = :title and author like :author",
      {title => 'Perl', author => '%Ken%'}
    );

    my $result = $dbi->execute(
      "select * from book where title = :book.title and author like :book.author",
      {'book.title' => 'Perl', 'book.author' => '%Ken%'}
    );

Execute SQL. SQL can contain column parameter such as :author and :title.
You can append table name to column name such as :book.title and :book.author.
Second argunet is data, embedded into column parameter.
Return value is L<DBIx::Custom::Result> object when select statement is executed,
or the count of affected rows when insert, update, delete statement is executed.

Named placeholder such as C<:title> is replaced by placeholder C<?>.
    
    # Original
    select * from book where title = :title and author like :author
    
    # Replaced
    select * from where title = ? and author like ?;

You can specify operator with named placeholder
by C<name{operator}> syntax.

    # Original
    select * from book where :title{=} and :author{like}
    
    # Replaced
    select * from where title = ? and author like ?;

Note that colons in time format such as 12:13:15 is exeption,
it is not parsed as named placeholder.
If you want to use colon generally, you must escape it by C<\\>

    select * from where title = "aa\\:bb";

B<OPTIONS>

The following opitons are available.

=over 4

=item C<after_build_sql> 

You can filter sql after the sql is build.

    after_build_sql => $code_ref

The following one is one example.

    $dbi->select(
        table => 'book',
        column => 'distinct(name)',
        after_build_sql => sub {
            "select count(*) from ($_[0]) as t1"
        }
    );

The following SQL is executed.

    select count(*) from (select distinct(name) from book) as t1;

=item C<append>

    append => 'order by name'

Append some statement after SQL.

=item C<bind_type>

Specify database bind data type.

    bind_type => [image => DBI::SQL_BLOB]
    bind_type => [[qw/image audio/] => DBI::SQL_BLOB]

This is used to bind parameter by C<bind_param> of statment handle.

    $sth->bind_param($pos, $value, DBI::SQL_BLOB);

=item C<filter>
    
    filter => {
        title  => sub { uc $_[0] }
        author => sub { uc $_[0] }
    }

    # Filter name
    filter => {
        title  => 'upper_case',
        author => 'upper_case'
    }
        
    # At once
    filter => [
        [qw/title author/]  => sub { uc $_[0] }
    ]

Filter. You can set subroutine or filter name
registered by by C<register_filter>.
This filter is executed before data is saved into database.
and before type rule filter is executed.

=item C<query>

    query => 1

C<execute> method return hash reference which contain SQL and column
infromation

    my $sql = $query->{sql};
    my $columns = $query->{columns};
    
=item C<reuse>
    
    reuse => $hash_ref

Reuse query object if the hash reference variable is set.
    
    my $queries = {};
    $dbi->execute($sql, $param, reuse => $queries);

This will improved performance when you want to execute same query repeatedly
because generally creating query object is slow.

=item C<primary_key>

    primary_key => 'id'
    primary_key => ['id1', 'id2']

Priamry key. This is used for C<id> option.

=item C<table>
    
    table => 'author'

If you want to omit table name in column name
and enable C<into1> and C<into2> type filter,
You must set C<table> option.

    $dbi->execute("select * from book where title = :title and author = :author",
        {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken', table => 'book');

    # Same
    $dbi->execute(
      "select * from book where title = :book.title and author = :book.author",
      {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken');

=item C<table_alias>

    table_alias => {user => 'worker'}

Table alias. Key is real table name, value is alias table name.
If you set C<table_alias>, you can enable C<into1> and C<into2> type rule
on alias table name.

=item C<type_rule_off>

    type_rule_off => 1

Turn C<into1> and C<into2> type rule off.

=item C<type_rule1_off>

    type_rule1_off => 1

Turn C<into1> type rule off.

=item C<type_rule2_off>

    type_rule2_off => 1

Turn C<into2> type rule off.

=back

=head2 C<get_column_info>

    my $column_infos = $dbi->get_column_info(exclude_table => qr/^system_/);

get column infomation except for one which match C<exclude_table> pattern.

    [
        {table => 'book', column => 'title', info => {...}},
        {table => 'author', column => 'name' info => {...}}
    ]

=head2 C<get_table_info>

    my $table_infos = $dbi->get_table_info(exclude => qr/^system_/);

get table infomation except for one which match C<exclude> pattern.

    [
        {table => 'book', info => {...}},
        {table => 'author', info => {...}}
    ]

You can set this value to C<user_table_info>.

=head2 C<helper>

    $dbi->helper(
        find_or_create   => sub {
            my $self = shift;
            
            # Process
        },
        ...
    );

Register helper. These helper is called directly from L<DBIx::Custom> object.

    $dbi->find_or_create;

=head2 C<insert>

    $dbi->insert({title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}, table  => 'book');

Execute insert statement. First argument is row data. Return value is
affected row count.

If you want to set constant value to row data, use scalar reference
as parameter value.

    {date => \"NOW()"}

You can pass multiple parameters, this is very fast.
This is EXPERIMETNAL.

    $dbi->insert(
        [
            {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'},
            {title => 'Ruby', author => 'Tom'}
        ],
        table  => 'book'
    );

In multiple insert, you can't use C<id> option.
and only first parameter is used by creating sql.

B<options>

C<insert> method use all of C<execute> method's options,
and use the following new ones.

=over 4
b
=item C<bulk_insert> EXPERIMENTAL

    bulk_insert => 1

bulk insert is executed if database support bulk insert and 
multiple parameters is passed to C<insert>.
The SQL like the following one is executed.

    insert into book (id, title) values (?, ?), (?, ?);

=item C<created_at>

    created_at => 'created_datetime'

Created timestamp column name. time when row is created is set to the column.
default time format is "YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS", which can be changed by
C<now> attribute.

=item C<id>

    id => 4
    id => [4, 5]

ID corresponding to C<primary_key>.
You can insert a row by C<id> and C<primary_key>.

    $dbi->insert(
        {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}
        primary_key => ['id1', 'id2'],
        id => [4, 5],
        table => 'book'
    );

The above is same as the followin one.

    $dbi->insert(
        {id1 => 4, id2 => 5, title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'},
        table => 'book'
    );

=item C<prefix>

    prefix => 'or replace'

prefix before table name section

    insert or replace into book

=item C<table>

    table => 'book'

Table name.

=item C<updated_at>

This option is same as C<update> method C<updated_at> option.

=item C<wrap>

    wrap => {price => sub { "max($_[0])" }}

placeholder wrapped string.

If the following statement

    $dbi->insert({price => 100}, table => 'book',
      {price => sub { "$_[0] + 5" }});

is executed, the following SQL is executed.

    insert into book price values ( ? + 5 );

=back

=over 4

=head2 C<include_model>

    $dbi->include_model('MyModel');

Include models from specified namespace,
the following layout is needed to include models.

    lib / MyModel.pm
        / MyModel / book.pm
                  / company.pm

Name space module, extending L<DBIx::Custom::Model>.

B<MyModel.pm>

    package MyModel;
    use DBIx::Custom::Model -base;
    
    1;

Model modules, extending name space module.

B<MyModel/book.pm>

    package MyModel::book;
    use MyModel -base;
    
    1;

B<MyModel/company.pm>

    package MyModel::company;
    use MyModel -base;
    
    1;
    
MyModel::book and MyModel::company is included by C<include_model>.

You can get model object by C<model>.

    my $book_model = $dbi->model('book');
    my $company_model = $dbi->model('company');

See L<DBIx::Custom::Model> to know model features.

=head2 C<like_value>

    my $like_value = $dbi->like_value

Code reference which return a value for the like value.

    sub { "%$_[0]%" }

=head2 C<mapper>

    my $mapper = $dbi->mapper(param => $param);

Create a new L<DBIx::Custom::Mapper> object.

=head2 C<merge_param>

    my $param = $dbi->merge_param({key1 => 1}, {key1 => 1, key2 => 2});

Merge parameters. The following new parameter is created.

    {key1 => [1, 1], key2 => 2}

If same keys contains, the value is converted to array reference.

=head2 C<model>

    my $model = $dbi->model('book');

Get a L<DBIx::Custom::Model> object
create by C<create_model> or C<include_model>

=head2 C<mycolumn>

    my $column = $dbi->mycolumn(book => ['author', 'title']);

Create column clause for myself. The follwoing column clause is created.

    book.author as author,
    book.title as title

=head2 C<new>

    my $dbi = DBIx::Custom->new(
        dsn => "dbi:mysql:database=dbname",
        user => 'ken',
        password => '!LFKD%$&',
        option => {mysql_enable_utf8 => 1}
    );

Create a new L<DBIx::Custom> object.

=head2 C<not_exists>

    my $not_exists = $dbi->not_exists;

DBIx::Custom::NotExists object, indicating the column is not exists.
This is used in C<param> of L<DBIx::Custom::Where> .

=head2 C<order>

    my $order = $dbi->order;

Create a new L<DBIx::Custom::Order> object.

=head2 C<q>

    my $quooted = $dbi->q("title");

Quote string by value of C<quote>.

=head2 C<register_filter>

    $dbi->register_filter(
        # Time::Piece object to database DATE format
        tp_to_date => sub {
            my $tp = shift;
            return $tp->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
        },
        # database DATE format to Time::Piece object
        date_to_tp => sub {
           my $date = shift;
           return Time::Piece->strptime($date, '%Y-%m-%d');
        }
    );
    
Register filters, used by C<filter> option of many methods.

=head2 C<select>

    my $result = $dbi->select(
        column => ['author', 'title'],
        table  => 'book',
        where  => {author => 'Ken'},
    );
    
Execute select statement.

You can pass odd number arguments. first argument is C<column>.
This is EXPERIMENTAL.

    my $result = $dbi->select(['author', 'title'], table => 'book');

B<OPTIONS>

C<select> method use all of C<execute> method's options,
and use the following new ones.

=over 4

=item C<column>
    
    column => 'author'
    column => ['author', 'title']

Column clause.
    
if C<column> is not specified, '*' is set.

    column => '*'

You can specify hash of array reference.

    column => [
        {book => [qw/author title/]},
        {person => [qw/name age/]}
    ]

This is expanded to the following one by using C<colomn> method.

    book.author as "book.author",
    book.title as "book.title",
    person.name as "person.name",
    person.age as "person.age"

You can specify array of array reference, first argument is
column name, second argument is alias.

    column => [
        ['date(book.register_datetime)' => 'book.register_date']
    ];

Alias is quoted properly and joined.

    date(book.register_datetime) as "book.register_date"

=item C<id>

    id => 4
    id => [4, 5]

ID corresponding to C<primary_key>.
You can select rows by C<id> and C<primary_key>.

    $dbi->select(
        primary_key => ['id1', 'id2'],
        id => [4, 5],
        table => 'book'
    );

The above is same as the followin one.

    $dbi->select(
        where => {id1 => 4, id2 => 5},
        table => 'book'
    );
    
=item C<param>

    param => {'table2.key3' => 5}

Parameter shown before where clause.
    
For example, if you want to contain tag in join clause, 
you can pass parameter by C<param> option.

    join  => ['inner join (select * from table2 where table2.key3 = :table2.key3)' . 
              ' as table2 on table1.key1 = table2.key1']

=itme C<prefix>

    prefix => 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS'

Prefix of column cluase

    select SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS title, author from book;

=item C<join>

    join => [
        'left outer join company on book.company_id = company_id',
        'left outer join location on company.location_id = location.id'
    ]
        
Join clause. If column cluase or where clause contain table name like "company.name",
join clausees needed when SQL is created is used automatically.

    $dbi->select(
        table => 'book',
        column => ['company.location_id as location_id'],
        where => {'company.name' => 'Orange'},
        join => [
            'left outer join company on book.company_id = company.id',
            'left outer join location on company.location_id = location.id'
        ]
    );

In above select, column and where clause contain "company" table,
the following SQL is created

    select company.location_id as location_id
    from book
      left outer join company on book.company_id = company.id
    where company.name = ?;

You can specify two table by yourself. This is useful when join parser can't parse
the join clause correctly.

    $dbi->select(
        table => 'book',
        column => ['company.location_id as location_id'],
        where => {'company.name' => 'Orange'},
        join => [
            {
                clause => 'left outer join location on company.location_id = location.id',
                table => ['company', 'location']
            }
        ]
    );

=item C<table>

    table => 'book'

Table name.

=item C<where>
    
    # Hash refrence
    where => {author => 'Ken', 'title' => 'Perl'}
    
    # DBIx::Custom::Where object
    where => $dbi->where(
        clause => ['and', ':author{=}', ':title{like}'],
        param  => {author => 'Ken', title => '%Perl%'}
    );
    
    # Array reference, this is same as above
    where => [
        ['and', ':author{=}', ':title{like}'],
        {author => 'Ken', title => '%Perl%'}
    ];
    
    # String
    where => 'title is null'

Where clause. See L<DBIx::Custom::Where>.
    
=back

=head2 C<setup_model>

    $dbi->setup_model;

Setup all model objects.
C<columns> of model object is automatically set, parsing database information.

=head2 C<type_rule>

    $dbi->type_rule(
        into1 => {
            date => sub { ... },
            datetime => sub { ... }
        },
        into2 => {
            date => sub { ... },
            datetime => sub { ... }
        },
        from1 => {
            # DATE
            9 => sub { ... },
            # DATETIME or TIMESTAMP
            11 => sub { ... },
        }
        from2 => {
            # DATE
            9 => sub { ... },
            # DATETIME or TIMESTAMP
            11 => sub { ... },
        }
    );

Filtering rule when data is send into and get from database.
This has a little complex problem.

In C<into1> and C<into2> you can specify
type name as same as type name defined
by create table, such as C<DATETIME> or C<DATE>.

Note that type name and data type don't contain upper case.
If these contain upper case charactor, you convert it to lower case.

C<into2> is executed after C<into1>.

Type rule of C<into1> and C<into2> is enabled on the following
column name.

=over 4

=item 1. column name

    issue_date
    issue_datetime

This need C<table> option in each method.

=item 2. table name and column name, separator is dot

    book.issue_date
    book.issue_datetime

=back

You get all type name used in database by C<available_typename>.

    print $dbi->available_typename;

In C<from1> and C<from2> you specify data type, not type name.
C<from2> is executed after C<from1>.
You get all data type by C<available_datatype>.

    print $dbi->available_datatype;

You can also specify multiple types at once.

    $dbi->type_rule(
        into1 => [
            [qw/DATE DATETIME/] => sub { ... },
        ],
    );

=head2 C<update>

    $dbi->update({title => 'Perl'}, table  => 'book', where  => {id => 4});

Execute update statement. First argument is update row data.

If you want to set constant value to row data, use scalar reference
as parameter value.

    {date => \"NOW()"}

B<OPTIONS>

C<update> method use all of C<execute> method's options,
and use the following new ones.

=over 4

=item C<id>

    id => 4
    id => [4, 5]

ID corresponding to C<primary_key>.
You can update rows by C<id> and C<primary_key>.

    $dbi->update(
        {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}
        primary_key => ['id1', 'id2'],
        id => [4, 5],
        table => 'book'
    );

The above is same as the followin one.

    $dbi->update(
        {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}
        where => {id1 => 4, id2 => 5},
        table => 'book'
    );

=item C<prefix>

    prefix => 'or replace'

prefix before table name section

    update or replace book

=item C<table>

    table => 'book'

Table name.

=item C<where>

Same as C<select> method's C<where> option.

=item C<wrap>

    wrap => {price => sub { "max($_[0])" }}

placeholder wrapped string.

If the following statement

    $dbi->update({price => 100}, table => 'book',
      {price => sub { "$_[0] + 5" }});

is executed, the following SQL is executed.

    update book set price =  ? + 5;

=item C<updated_at>

    updated_at => 'updated_datetime'

Updated timestamp column name. time when row is updated is set to the column.
default time format is C<YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS>, which can be changed by
C<now> attribute.

=back

=head2 C<update_all>

    $dbi->update_all({title => 'Perl'}, table => 'book', );

Execute update statement for all rows.
Options is same as C<update> method.

=head2 C<update_or_insert>
    
    # ID
    $dbi->update_or_insert(
        {title => 'Perl'},
        table => 'book',
        id => 1,
        primary_key => 'id',
        option => {
            select => {
                 append => 'for update'
            }
        }
    );

Update or insert.

C<update_or_insert> method execute C<select> method first to find row.
If the row is exists, C<update> is executed.
If not, C<insert> is executed.

C<OPTIONS>

C<update_or_insert> method use all common option
in C<select>, C<update>, C<delete>, and has the following new ones.

=over 4

=item C<option>

    option => {
        select => {
            append => '...'
        },
        insert => {
            prefix => '...'
        },
        update => {
            filter => {}
        }
    }

If you want to pass option to each method,
you can use C<option> option.

=over 4

=item C<select_option>

    select_option => {append => 'for update'}

select method option,
select method is used to check the row is already exists.

=head2 C<show_datatype>

    $dbi->show_datatype($table);

Show data type of the columns of specified table.

    book
    title: 5
    issue_date: 91

This data type is used in C<type_rule>'s C<from1> and C<from2>.

=head2 C<show_tables>

    $dbi->show_tables;

Show tables.

=head2 C<show_typename>

    $dbi->show_typename($table);

Show type name of the columns of specified table.

    book
    title: varchar
    issue_date: date

This type name is used in C<type_rule>'s C<into1> and C<into2>.

=head2 C<values_clause>

    my $values_clause = $dbi->values_clause({title => 'a', age => 2});

Create values clause.

    (title, author) values (title = :title, age = :age);

You can use this in insert statement.

    my $insert_sql = "insert into book $values_clause";

=head2 C<where>

    my $where = $dbi->where(
        clause => ['and', 'title = :title', 'author = :author'],
        param => {title => 'Perl', author => 'Ken'}
    );

Create a new L<DBIx::Custom::Where> object.

=head1 ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES

=head2 C<DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG>

If environment variable C<DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG> is set to true,
executed SQL and bind values are printed to STDERR.

=head2 C<DBIX_CUSTOM_DEBUG_ENCODING>

DEBUG output encoding. Default to UTF-8.

=head2 C<DBIX_CUSTOM_TAG_PARSE>

If you set DBIX_CUSTOM_TAG_PARSE to 0, tag parsing is off.

=head2 C<DBIX_CUSTOM_DISABLE_MODEL_EXECUTE>

If you set DBIX_CUSTOM_DISABLE_MODEL_EXECUTE to 1,
L<DBIx::Custom::Model> execute method call L<DBIx::Custom> execute.

=head1 DEPRECATED FUNCTIONALITY

L<DBIx::Custom>

    # Attribute methods
    tag_parse # will be removed 2017/1/1
    default_dbi_option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    dbi_option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    data_source # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    dbi_options # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    filter_check # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    reserved_word_quote # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    cache_method # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Methods
    update_timestamp # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_timestamp # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    method # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    assign_param # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    update_param # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_param # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    create_query # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    apply_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    select_at # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    delete_at # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    update_at # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_at # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    default_bind_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    default_fetch_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    insert_param_tag # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag_processor # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    update_param_tag # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Options
    select column option [COLUMN => ALIAS] syntax # will be removed 2017/1/1
    execute method id option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    update timestamp option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    insert timestamp option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    select method where_param option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    delete method where_param option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    update method where_param option # will be removed 2017/1/1
    insert method param option # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    insert method id option # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    select method relation option # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    select method column option [COLUMN, as => ALIAS] format
      # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    execute method's sqlfilter option # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Others
    execute($query, ...) # execute method receiving query object.
                         # this is removed at 2017/1/1
    execute("select * from {= title}"); # execute method's
                                        # tag parsing functionality
                                        # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    Query caching # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::Model>

    # Attribute methods
    execute # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    method # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    name # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    type # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::Query>

This module is DEPRECATED! # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Attribute methods
    default_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    table # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    filters # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Methods
    filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::QueryBuilder>

This module is DEPRECATED! # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Attribute methods
    tags # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    tag_processors # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Methods
    register_tag # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    register_tag_processor # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Others
    build_query("select * from {= title}"); # tag parsing functionality
                                            # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::Result>
    
    # Attribute methods
    filter_check # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    
    # Methods
    fetch_first # will be removed at 2017/2/1
    fetch_hash_first # will be removed 2017/2/1
    filter_on # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    filter_off # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    end_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    remove_end_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    remove_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1
    default_filter # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::Tag>

    This module is DEPRECATED! # will be removed at 2017/1/1

L<DBIx::Custom::Order>

    # Other
    prepend method array reference receiving
      $order->prepend(['book', 'desc']); # will be removed 2017/1/1

=head1 BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY POLICY

If a functionality is DEPRECATED, you can know it by DEPRECATED warnings
except for attribute method.
You can check all DEPRECATED functionalities by document.
DEPRECATED functionality is removed after five years,
but if at least one person use the functionality and tell me that thing
I extend one year each time he tell me it.

EXPERIMENTAL functionality will be changed without warnings.

=head1 BUGS

Please tell me bugs if found.

C<< <kimoto.yuki at gmail.com> >>

L<http://github.com/yuki-kimoto/DBIx-Custom>

=head1 AUTHOR

Yuki Kimoto, C<< <kimoto.yuki at gmail.com> >>

=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

Copyright 2009-2011 Yuki Kimoto, all rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut