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package Mojo::Util;
use Mojo::Base 'Exporter';
use Carp qw(carp croak);
use Data::Dumper ();
use Digest::MD5 qw(md5 md5_hex);
BEGIN {eval {require Digest::SHA; import Digest::SHA qw(hmac_sha1 sha1 sha1_hex)}}
use Encode 'find_encoding';
use File::Basename 'dirname';
use File::Spec::Functions 'catfile';
use MIME::Base64 qw(decode_base64 encode_base64);
use Time::HiRes ();
# Check for monotonic clock support
use constant MONOTONIC => eval
'!!Time::HiRes::clock_gettime(Time::HiRes::CLOCK_MONOTONIC())';
# Punycode bootstring parameters
use constant {
PC_BASE => 36,
PC_TMIN => 1,
PC_TMAX => 26,
PC_SKEW => 38,
PC_DAMP => 700,
PC_INITIAL_BIAS => 72,
PC_INITIAL_N => 128
};
# To update HTML entities run this command
# perl examples/entities.pl > lib/Mojo/entities.txt
my %ENTITIES;
for my $line (split "\x0a", slurp(catfile dirname(__FILE__), 'entities.txt')) {
next unless $line =~ /^(\S+)\s+U\+(\S+)(?:\s+U\+(\S+))?/;
$ENTITIES{$1} = defined $3 ? (chr(hex $2) . chr(hex $3)) : chr(hex $2);
}
# Encoding cache
my %CACHE;
our @EXPORT_OK = (
qw(b64_decode b64_encode camelize class_to_file class_to_path decamelize),
qw(decode deprecated dumper encode get_line hmac_sha1_sum html_unescape),
qw(md5_bytes md5_sum monkey_patch punycode_decode punycode_encode quote),
qw(secure_compare sha1_bytes sha1_sum slurp split_header spurt squish),
qw(steady_time trim unquote url_escape url_unescape xml_escape xor_encode)
);
sub b64_decode { decode_base64($_[0]) }
sub b64_encode { encode_base64($_[0], $_[1]) }
sub camelize {
my $str = shift;
return $str if $str =~ /^[A-Z]/;
# CamelCase words
return join '::', map {
join '', map { ucfirst lc } split /_/, $_
} split /-/, $str;
}
sub class_to_file {
my $class = shift;
$class =~ s/::|'//g;
$class =~ s/([A-Z])([A-Z]*)/$1.lc($2)/ge;
return decamelize($class);
}
sub class_to_path { join '.', join('/', split /::|'/, shift), 'pm' }
sub decamelize {
my $str = shift;
return $str if $str !~ /^[A-Z]/;
# Module parts
my @parts;
for my $part (split /::/, $str) {
# snake_case words
my @words;
push @words, lc $1 while $part =~ s/([A-Z]{1}[^A-Z]*)//;
push @parts, join '_', @words;
}
return join '-', @parts;
}
sub decode {
my ($encoding, $bytes) = @_;
return undef
unless eval { $bytes = _encoding($encoding)->decode("$bytes", 1); 1 };
return $bytes;
}
sub deprecated {
local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
$ENV{MOJO_FATAL_DEPRECATIONS} ? croak(@_) : carp(@_);
}
sub dumper { Data::Dumper->new([@_])->Indent(1)->Sortkeys(1)->Terse(1)->Dump }
sub encode { _encoding($_[0])->encode("$_[1]") }
sub get_line {
# Locate line ending
return undef if (my $pos = index ${$_[0]}, "\x0a") == -1;
# Extract line and ending
my $line = substr ${$_[0]}, 0, $pos + 1, '';
$line =~ s/\x0d?\x0a$//;
return $line;
}
sub hmac_sha1_sum { unpack 'H*', hmac_sha1(@_) }
sub html_unescape {
my $str = shift;
return $str if index($str, '&') == -1;
$str =~ s/&(?:\#((?:\d{1,7}|x[0-9a-fA-F]{1,6}));|(\w+;?))/_decode($1, $2)/ge;
return $str;
}
sub md5_bytes { md5(@_) }
sub md5_sum { md5_hex(@_) }
sub monkey_patch {
my ($class, %patch) = @_;
no strict 'refs';
no warnings 'redefine';
*{"${class}::$_"} = $patch{$_} for keys %patch;
}
# Direct translation of RFC 3492
sub punycode_decode {
my $input = shift;
use integer;
my $n = PC_INITIAL_N;
my $i = 0;
my $bias = PC_INITIAL_BIAS;
my @output;
# Consume all code points before the last delimiter
push @output, split //, $1 if $input =~ s/(.*)\x2d//s;
while (length $input) {
my $oldi = $i;
my $w = 1;
# Base to infinity in steps of base
for (my $k = PC_BASE; 1; $k += PC_BASE) {
my $digit = ord substr $input, 0, 1, '';
$digit = $digit < 0x40 ? $digit + (26 - 0x30) : ($digit & 0x1f) - 1;
$i += $digit * $w;
my $t = $k - $bias;
$t = $t < PC_TMIN ? PC_TMIN : $t > PC_TMAX ? PC_TMAX : $t;
last if $digit < $t;
$w *= PC_BASE - $t;
}
$bias = _adapt($i - $oldi, @output + 1, $oldi == 0);
$n += $i / (@output + 1);
$i = $i % (@output + 1);
splice @output, $i++, 0, chr $n;
}
return join '', @output;
}
# Direct translation of RFC 3492
sub punycode_encode {
my $output = shift;
use integer;
my $n = PC_INITIAL_N;
my $delta = 0;
my $bias = PC_INITIAL_BIAS;
# Extract basic code points
my $len = length $output;
my @input = map {ord} split //, $output;
my @chars = sort grep { $_ >= PC_INITIAL_N } @input;
$output =~ s/[^\x00-\x7f]+//gs;
my $h = my $b = length $output;
$output .= "\x2d" if $b > 0;
for my $m (@chars) {
next if $m < $n;
$delta += ($m - $n) * ($h + 1);
$n = $m;
for (my $i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
my $c = $input[$i];
if ($c < $n) { $delta++ }
elsif ($c == $n) {
my $q = $delta;
# Base to infinity in steps of base
for (my $k = PC_BASE; 1; $k += PC_BASE) {
my $t = $k - $bias;
$t = $t < PC_TMIN ? PC_TMIN : $t > PC_TMAX ? PC_TMAX : $t;
last if $q < $t;
my $o = $t + (($q - $t) % (PC_BASE - $t));
$output .= chr $o + ($o < 26 ? 0x61 : 0x30 - 26);
$q = ($q - $t) / (PC_BASE - $t);
}
$output .= chr $q + ($q < 26 ? 0x61 : 0x30 - 26);
$bias = _adapt($delta, $h + 1, $h == $b);
$delta = 0;
$h++;
}
}
$delta++;
$n++;
}
return $output;
}
sub quote {
my $str = shift;
$str =~ s/(["\\])/\\$1/g;
return qq{"$str"};
}
sub secure_compare {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
return undef if length $a != length $b;
my $r = 0;
$r |= ord(substr $a, $_) ^ ord(substr $b, $_) for 0 .. length($a) - 1;
return $r == 0;
}
sub sha1_bytes { sha1(@_) }
sub sha1_sum { sha1_hex(@_) }
sub slurp {
my $path = shift;
croak qq{Can't open file "$path": $!} unless open my $file, '<', $path;
my $content = '';
while ($file->sysread(my $buffer, 131072, 0)) { $content .= $buffer }
return $content;
}
sub split_header {
my $str = shift;
my (@tree, @token);
while ($str =~ s/^[,;\s]*([^=;, ]+)\s*//) {
push @token, $1, undef;
$token[-1] = unquote($1)
if $str =~ s/^=\s*("(?:\\\\|\\"|[^"])*"|[^;, ]*)\s*//;
# Separator
$str =~ s/^;\s*//;
next unless $str =~ s/^,\s*//;
push @tree, [@token];
@token = ();
}
# Take care of final token
return [@token ? (@tree, \@token) : @tree];
}
sub spurt {
my ($content, $path) = @_;
croak qq{Can't open file "$path": $!} unless open my $file, '>', $path;
croak qq{Can't write to file "$path": $!}
unless defined $file->syswrite($content);
return $content;
}
sub squish {
my $str = trim(@_);
$str =~ s/\s+/ /g;
return $str;
}
sub steady_time () {
MONOTONIC
? Time::HiRes::clock_gettime(Time::HiRes::CLOCK_MONOTONIC())
: Time::HiRes::time;
}
sub trim {
my $str = shift;
$str =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
return $str;
}
sub unquote {
my $str = shift;
return $str unless $str =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/g;
$str =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
$str =~ s/\\"/"/g;
return $str;
}
sub url_escape {
my ($str, $pattern) = @_;
$pattern ||= '^A-Za-z0-9\-._~';
$str =~ s/([$pattern])/sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))/ge;
return $str;
}
sub url_unescape {
my $str = shift;
return $str if index($str, '%') == -1;
$str =~ s/%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/ge;
return $str;
}
sub xml_escape {
my $str = shift;
$str =~ s/&/&/g;
$str =~ s/</</g;
$str =~ s/>/>/g;
$str =~ s/"/"/g;
$str =~ s/'/'/g;
return $str;
}
sub xor_encode {
my ($input, $key) = @_;
# Encode with variable key length
my $len = length $key;
my $buffer = my $output = '';
$output .= $buffer ^ $key
while length($buffer = substr($input, 0, $len, '')) == $len;
return $output .= $buffer ^ substr($key, 0, length $buffer, '');
}
sub _adapt {
my ($delta, $numpoints, $firsttime) = @_;
use integer;
$delta = $firsttime ? $delta / PC_DAMP : $delta / 2;
$delta += $delta / $numpoints;
my $k = 0;
while ($delta > ((PC_BASE - PC_TMIN) * PC_TMAX) / 2) {
$delta /= PC_BASE - PC_TMIN;
$k += PC_BASE;
}
return $k + (((PC_BASE - PC_TMIN + 1) * $delta) / ($delta + PC_SKEW));
}
sub _decode {
my ($point, $name) = @_;
# Code point
return chr($point !~ /^x/ ? $point : hex $point) unless defined $name;
# Find entity name
my $rest = '';
while (length $name) {
return "$ENTITIES{$name}$rest" if exists $ENTITIES{$name};
$rest = chop($name) . $rest;
}
return "&$rest";
}
sub _encoding {
$CACHE{$_[0]} = defined $CACHE{$_[0]} ? $CACHE{$_[0]} : defined find_encoding($_[0]) ? find_encoding($_[0]) : croak "Unknown encoding '$_[0]'";
}
1;
=encoding utf8
=head1 NAME
Mojo::Util - Portable utility functions
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Mojo::Util qw(b64_encode url_escape url_unescape);
my $str = 'test=23';
my $escaped = url_escape $str;
say url_unescape $escaped;
say b64_encode $escaped, '';
=head1 DESCRIPTION
L<Mojo::Util> provides portable utility functions for L<Mojo>.
=head1 FUNCTIONS
L<Mojo::Util> implements the following functions.
=head2 b64_decode
my $bytes = b64_decode $b64;
Base64 decode bytes.
=head2 b64_encode
my $b64 = b64_encode $bytes;
my $b64 = b64_encode $bytes, "\n";
Base64 encode bytes, the line ending defaults to a newline.
=head2 camelize
my $camelcase = camelize $snakecase;
Convert snake_case string to CamelCase and replace C<-> with C<::>.
# "FooBar"
camelize 'foo_bar';
# "FooBar::Baz"
camelize 'foo_bar-baz';
# "FooBar::Baz"
camelize 'FooBar::Baz';
=head2 class_to_file
my $file = class_to_file 'Foo::Bar';
Convert a class name to a file.
# "foo_bar"
class_to_file 'Foo::Bar';
# "foobar"
class_to_file 'FOO::Bar';
# "foo_bar"
class_to_file 'FooBar';
# "foobar"
class_to_file 'FOOBar';
=head2 class_to_path
my $path = class_to_path 'Foo::Bar';
Convert class name to path.
# "Foo/Bar.pm"
class_to_path 'Foo::Bar';
# "FooBar.pm"
class_to_path 'FooBar';
=head2 decamelize
my $snakecase = decamelize $camelcase;
Convert CamelCase string to snake_case and replace C<::> with C<->.
# "foo_bar"
decamelize 'FooBar';
# "foo_bar-baz"
decamelize 'FooBar::Baz';
# "foo_bar-baz"
decamelize 'foo_bar-baz';
=head2 decode
my $chars = decode 'UTF-8', $bytes;
Decode bytes to characters and return C<undef> if decoding failed.
=head2 deprecated
deprecated 'foo is DEPRECATED in favor of bar';
Warn about deprecated feature from perspective of caller. You can also set the
MOJO_FATAL_DEPRECATIONS environment variable to make them die instead.
=head2 dumper
my $perl = dumper {some => 'data'};
Dump a Perl data structure with L<Data::Dumper>.
=head2 encode
my $bytes = encode 'UTF-8', $chars;
Encode characters to bytes.
=head2 get_line
my $line = get_line \$str;
Extract whole line from string or return C<undef>. Lines are expected to end
with C<0x0d 0x0a> or C<0x0a>.
=head2 hmac_sha1_sum
my $checksum = hmac_sha1_sum $bytes, 'passw0rd';
Generate HMAC-SHA1 checksum for bytes.
=head2 html_unescape
my $str = html_unescape $escaped;
Unescape all HTML entities in string.
=head2 md5_bytes
my $checksum = md5_bytes $bytes;
Generate binary MD5 checksum for bytes.
=head2 md5_sum
my $checksum = md5_sum $bytes;
Generate MD5 checksum for bytes.
=head2 monkey_patch
monkey_patch $package, foo => sub {...};
monkey_patch $package, foo => sub {...}, bar => sub {...};
Monkey patch functions into package.
monkey_patch 'MyApp',
one => sub { say 'One!' },
two => sub { say 'Two!' },
three => sub { say 'Three!' };
=head2 punycode_decode
my $str = punycode_decode $punycode;
Punycode decode string.
=head2 punycode_encode
my $punycode = punycode_encode $str;
Punycode encode string.
=head2 quote
my $quoted = quote $str;
Quote string.
=head2 secure_compare
my $bool = secure_compare $str1, $str2;
Constant time comparison algorithm to prevent timing attacks.
=head2 sha1_bytes
my $checksum = sha1_bytes $bytes;
Generate binary SHA1 checksum for bytes.
=head2 sha1_sum
my $checksum = sha1_sum $bytes;
Generate SHA1 checksum for bytes.
=head2 slurp
my $bytes = slurp '/etc/passwd';
Read all data at once from file.
=head2 split_header
my $tree = split_header 'foo="bar baz"; test=123, yada';
Split HTTP header value.
# "one"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[0][0];
# "three four"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[0][3];
# "five"
split_header('one; two="three four", five=six')->[1][0];
=head2 spurt
$bytes = spurt $bytes, '/etc/passwd';
Write all data at once to file.
=head2 squish
my $squished = squish $str;
Trim whitespace characters from both ends of string and then change all
consecutive groups of whitespace into one space each.
=head2 steady_time
my $time = steady_time;
High resolution time, resilient to time jumps if a monotonic clock is
available through L<Time::HiRes>.
=head2 trim
my $trimmed = trim $str;
Trim whitespace characters from both ends of string.
=head2 unquote
my $str = unquote $quoted;
Unquote string.
=head2 url_escape
my $escaped = url_escape $str;
my $escaped = url_escape $str, '^A-Za-z0-9\-._~';
Percent encode unsafe characters in string, the pattern used defaults to
C<^A-Za-z0-9\-._~>.
=head2 url_unescape
my $str = url_unescape $escaped;
Decode percent encoded characters in string.
=head2 xml_escape
my $escaped = xml_escape $str;
Escape unsafe characters C<&>, C<E<lt>>, C<E<gt>>, C<"> and C<'> in string.
=head2 xor_encode
my $encoded = xor_encode $str, $key;
XOR encode string with variable length key.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<Mojolicious>, L<Mojolicious::Guides>, L<http://mojolicio.us>.
=cut